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Humans learn all their life long. They accumulate knowledge from a sequence of learning experiences and remember the essential concepts without forgetting what they have learned previously. Artificial neural networks struggle to learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Timothée Lesort

While inference-time scaling enables LLMs to carry out increasingly long and capable reasoning traces, the patterns and insights uncovered during these traces are immediately discarded once the context window is reset for a new query.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Matthew Ho , Chen Si , Zhaoxiang Feng , Fangxu Yu , Yichi Yang , Zhijian Liu , Zhiting Hu , Lianhui Qin

A new neural network architecture (PSCNN) is developed to improve performance and speed of such networks. The architecture has all the advantages of the previous models such as self-organization and possesses some other superior…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-08-06 Homayoun Valafar , Faramarz Valafar , Okan Ersoy

Humans excel at continually acquiring, consolidating, and retaining information from an ever-changing environment, whereas artificial neural networks (ANNs) exhibit catastrophic forgetting. There are considerable differences in the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-04-17 Fahad Sarfraz , Elahe Arani , Bahram Zonooz

In conceptual modeling (CM), humans apply abstraction to represent excerpts of reality for means of understanding and communication, and processing by machines. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is applied to vast amounts of data to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Dominik Bork , Syed Juned Ali , Ben Roelens

People learn throughout life. However, incrementally updating conventional neural networks leads to catastrophic forgetting. A common remedy is replay, which is inspired by how the brain consolidates memory. Replay involves fine-tuning a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Tyler L. Hayes , Kushal Kafle , Robik Shrestha , Manoj Acharya , Christopher Kanan

This paper presents COGENT3 (or Collective Growth and Entropy-modulated Triads System), a novel approach for emergent cognition integrating pattern formation networks with group influence dynamics. Contrasting with traditional strategies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Eduardo Salazar

The quadratic complexity of transformers fundamentally limits reasoning system deployment in resource-constrained and long-context settings. We introduce Hydra, a modular architecture based upon a state-space backbone which adaptively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Siddharth Chaudhary , Dev Patel , Maheep Chaudhary , Bennett Browning

Selective rationalization explains the prediction of complex neural networks by finding a small subset of the input that is sufficient to predict the neural model output. The selection mechanism is commonly integrated into the model itself…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Mo Yu , Yang Zhang , Shiyu Chang , Tommi S. Jaakkola

Reasoning large language models (RLLMs) have recently demonstrated remarkable capabilities through structured and multi-step reasoning. While prior research has primarily focused on improving their training and inference strategies, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Haotian Wu , Bo Xu , Yao Shu , Menglin Yang , Chengwei Qin

Intelligent systems must maintain and manipulate task-relevant information online to adapt to dynamic environments and changing goals. This capacity, known as working memory, is fundamental to human reasoning and intelligence. Despite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Hua-Dong Xiong , Li Ji-An , Jiaqi Huang , Robert C. Wilson , Kwonjoon Lee , Xue-Xin Wei

Artificial intelligence has advanced significantly through deep learning, reinforcement learning, and large language and vision models. However, these systems often remain task specific, struggle to adapt to changing conditions, and cannot…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-10-17 Noorbakhsh Amiri Golilarz , Hassan S. Al Khatib , Shahram Rahimi

Current artificial intelligence systems struggle with systematic compositional reasoning: the capacity to recombine known components in novel configurations. This paper argues that the failure is architectural, not merely a matter of scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Alex Anvi Eponon , Ildar Batyrshin , Christian E. Maldonado-Sifuentes , Grigori Sidorov

We envision a new era of AI, termed agentic organization, where agents solve complex problems by working collaboratively and concurrently, enabling outcomes beyond individual intelligence. To realize this vision, we introduce asynchronous…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Zewen Chi , Li Dong , Qingxiu Dong , Yaru Hao , Xun Wu , Shaohan Huang , Furu Wei

We introduce the Consistent Reasoning Paradox (CRP). Consistent reasoning, which lies at the core of human intelligence, is the ability to handle tasks that are equivalent, yet described by different sentences ('Tell me the time!' and 'What…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Alexander Bastounis , Paolo Campodonico , Mihaela van der Schaar , Ben Adcock , Anders C. Hansen

Humans are able to fuse information from both auditory and visual modalities to help with understanding speech. This is demonstrated through a phenomenon known as the McGurk Effect, during which a listener is presented with incongruent…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Lukas Grasse , Matthew S. Tata

Humor, as both a creative human activity and a social binding mechanism, has long posed a major challenge for AI generation. Although producing humor requires complex cognitive reasoning and social understanding, theories of humor suggest…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Jiajun Zhang , Shijia Luo , Ruikang Zhang , Qi Su

This paper is the recommended initial reading for a functional overview of Soar, version 9.6. It includes an abstract overview of the architectural structure of Soar including its processing, memories, learning modules, their interfaces,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-10 John E. Laird

Parallel thinking has emerged as a novel approach for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) by exploring multiple reasoning paths concurrently. However, activating such capabilities through training remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Tong Zheng , Hongming Zhang , Wenhao Yu , Xiaoyang Wang , Runpeng Dai , Rui Liu , Huiwen Bao , Chengsong Huang , Heng Huang , Dong Yu

Over the past few years, self-attention is shining in the field of deep learning, especially in the domain of natural language processing(NLP). Its impressive effectiveness, along with ubiquitous implementations, have aroused our interest…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-03 Mingfei Yu , Masahiro Fujita