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Parameter-efficient tuning (PET) techniques calibrate the model's predictions on downstream tasks by freezing the pre-trained models and introducing a small number of learnable parameters. However, despite the numerous PET methods proposed,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Jiacheng Ruan , Xian Gao , Suncheng Xiang , Mingye Xie , Ting Liu , Yuzhuo Fu

Weakly labeled datasets such as AudioSet have driven recent progress in audio tagging. However, annotation quality varies across sound classes. Labels may be incomplete, ambiguous, or unreliable, which introduces class-dependent supervision…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-19 Yuanbo Hou , Zhaoyi Liu , Tong Ye , Qiaoqiao Ren , Jian Guan , Wenwu Wang , Stephen Roberts

In this paper, we propose two techniques, namely joint modeling and data augmentation, to improve system performances for audio-visual scene classification (AVSC). We employ pre-trained networks trained only on image data sets to extract…

The rise of advanced large language models such as GPT-4, GPT-4o, and the Claude family has made fake audio detection increasingly challenging. Traditional fine-tuning methods struggle to keep pace with the evolving landscape of synthetic…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Xiaohui Zhang , Jiangyan Yi , Jianhua Tao

Recognizing and localizing student confusion from video is an important yet challenging problem in educational AI. Existing confusion datasets suffer from noisy labels, coarse temporal annotations, and limited expert validation, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Lu Dong , Xiao Wang , Mark Frank , Srirangaraj Setlur , Venu Govindaraju , Ifeoma Nwogu

Adversarial robustness assessment for video recognition models has raised concerns owing to their wide applications on safety-critical tasks. Compared with images, videos have much high dimension, which brings huge computational costs when…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Wei Xingxing , Wang Songping , Yan Huanqian

The performance of computer vision models are susceptible to unexpected changes in input images caused by sensor errors or extreme imaging environments, known as common corruptions (e.g. noise, blur, illumination changes). These corruptions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Shunxin Wang , Raymond Veldhuis , Christoph Brune , Nicola Strisciuglio

In real-world vision-language applications, practitioners increasingly rely on large, pretrained foundation models rather than custom-built solutions, despite limited transparency regarding their training data and processes. While these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Mario Koddenbrock , Rudolf Hoffmann , David Brodmann , Erik Rodner

Audio-visual feature synchronization for real-time speech enhancement in hearing aids represents a progressive approach to improving speech intelligibility and user experience, particularly in strong noisy backgrounds. This approach…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-28 Nasir Saleem , Mandar Gogate , Kia Dashtipour , Adeel Hussain , Usman Anwar , Adewale Adetomi , Tughrul Arslan , Amir Hussain

Visual question answering (VQA) systems face significant challenges when adapting to real-world data shifts, especially in multi-modal contexts. While robust fine-tuning strategies are essential for maintaining performance across…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Chengyue Huang , Brisa Maneechotesuwan , Shivang Chopra , Zsolt Kira

Current Vision-Language Model (VLM)-based end-to-end autonomous driving systems often leverage large language models to generate driving decisions directly based on their understanding of the current scene. However, such systems introduce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Dacheng Liao , Mengshi Qi , Peng Shu , Zhining Zhang , Yuxin Lin , Liang Liu , Huadong Ma

Multimodal learning systems often face substantial uncertainty due to noisy data, low-quality labels, and heterogeneous modality characteristics. These issues become especially critical in human-computer interaction settings, where data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Hyo-Jeong Jang

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are vulnerable to adversarial noises, which motivates the benchmark of model robustness. Existing benchmarks mainly focus on evaluating defenses, but there are no comprehensive studies of how architecture design…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-17 Shiyu Tang , Ruihao Gong , Yan Wang , Aishan Liu , Jiakai Wang , Xinyun Chen , Fengwei Yu , Xianglong Liu , Dawn Song , Alan Yuille , Philip H. S. Torr , Dacheng Tao

Self-supervised pre-training methods based on contrastive learning or regression tasks can utilize more unlabeled data to improve the performance of automatic speech recognition (ASR). However, the robustness impact of combining the two…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-28 Qiu-Shi Zhu , Long Zhou , Jie Zhang , Shu-Jie Liu , Yu-Chen Hu , Li-Rong Dai

Test-time adaptation (TTA) is an emerging paradigm that addresses distributional shifts between training and testing phases without additional data acquisition or labeling cost; only unlabeled test data streams are used for continual model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-12 Taesik Gong , Jongheon Jeong , Taewon Kim , Yewon Kim , Jinwoo Shin , Sung-Ju Lee

Understanding animal species from multimodal data poses an emerging challenge at the intersection of computer vision and ecology. While recent biological models, such as BioCLIP, have demonstrated strong alignment between images and textual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Risa Shinoda , Kaede Shiohara , Nakamasa Inoue , Kuniaki Saito , Hiroaki Santo , Fumio Okura

Existing works have made great progress in improving adversarial robustness, but typically test their method only on data from the same distribution as the training data, i.e. in-distribution (ID) testing. As a result, it is unclear how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Lin Li , Yifei Wang , Chawin Sitawarin , Michael Spratling

The process of reconstructing missing parts of speech audio from context is called speech in-painting. Human perception of speech is inherently multi-modal, involving both audio and visual (AV) cues. In this paper, we introduce and study a…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Mahsa Kadkhodaei Elyaderani , Shahram Shirani

With the rapid growth in deepfake video content, we require improved and generalizable methods to detect them. Most existing detection methods either use uni-modal cues or rely on supervised training to capture the dissonance between the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Trevine Oorloff , Surya Koppisetti , Nicolò Bonettini , Divyaraj Solanki , Ben Colman , Yaser Yacoob , Ali Shahriyari , Gaurav Bharaj

Object-centric representation learning offers the potential to overcome limitations of image-level representations by explicitly parsing image scenes into their constituent components. While image-level representations typically lack…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Nathan Drenkow , Mathias Unberath