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Diffusion language models (DLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to autoregressive models for faster inference via parallel token generation. We provide a rigorous foundation for this advantage by formalizing a model of parallel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Haozhe Jiang , Nika Haghtalab , Lijie Chen

Large language models have achieved remarkable success under the autoregressive paradigm, yet high-quality text generation need not be tied to a fixed left-to-right order. Existing alternatives still struggle to jointly achieve generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Hongcan Guo , Qinyu Zhao , Yian Zhao , Shen Nie , Rui Zhu , Qiushan Guo , Feng Wang , Tao Yang , Hengshuang Zhao , Guoqiang Wei , Yan Zeng

Diffusion- and flow-based models have emerged as state-of-the-art generative modeling approaches, but they require many sampling steps. Consistency models can distill these models into efficient one-step generators; however, unlike flow-…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Amirmojtaba Sabour , Sanja Fidler , Karsten Kreis

Unlike autoregressive language models, which terminate variable-length generation upon predicting an End-of-Sequence (EoS) token, Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) operate over a fixed maximum-length context window for a predetermined number…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Vittorio Rossi , Giacomo Cirò , Davide Beltrame , Luca Gandolfi , Paul Röttger , Dirk Hovy

Discrete diffusion language models (DLMs) generate text by iteratively denoising all positions in parallel, offering an alternative to autoregressive models. Controlled generation methods for DLMs, imported from autoregressive models, apply…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Hanhan Zhou , Shamik Roy , Rashmi Gangadharaiah

Owing to their powerful semantic reasoning capabilities, Large Language Models (LLMs) have been effectively utilized as recommenders, achieving impressive performance. However, the high inference latency of LLMs significantly restricts…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Yu Cui , Feng Liu , Pengbo Wang , Bohao Wang , Heng Tang , Yi Wan , Jun Wang , Jiawei Chen

Diffusion models have shown remarkable performance in generation problems over various domains including images, videos, text, and audio. A practical bottleneck of diffusion models is their sampling speed, due to the repeated evaluation of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Taehong Moon , Moonseok Choi , EungGu Yun , Jongmin Yoon , Gayoung Lee , Jaewoong Cho , Juho Lee

Recent Speech Large Language Models~(LLMs) have achieved impressive capabilities in end-to-end speech interaction. However, the prevailing autoregressive paradigm imposes strict serial constraints, limiting generation efficiency and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Ziyang Cheng , Yuhao Wang , Heyang Liu , Ronghua Wu , Qunshan Gu , Yanfeng Wang , Yu Wang

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) offer capabilities beyond those of autoregressive (AR) LLMs, such as parallel decoding and random-order generation. However, realizing these benefits in practice is non-trivial, as dLLMs inherently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Yu-Yang Qian , Junda Su , Lanxiang Hu , Peiyuan Zhang , Zhijie Deng , Peng Zhao , Hao Zhang

Recent advancements in latent diffusion models (LDMs) have markedly enhanced text-to-audio generation, yet their iterative sampling processes impose substantial computational demands, limiting practical deployment. While recent methods…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-04 Huadai Liu , Jialei Wang , Rongjie Huang , Yang Liu , Heng Lu , Zhou Zhao , Wei Xue

Visual-motor policy learning has advanced with architectures like diffusion-based policies, known for modeling complex robotic trajectories. However, their prolonged inference times hinder high-frequency control tasks requiring real-time…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Bofang Jia , Pengxiang Ding , Can Cui , Mingyang Sun , Pengfang Qian , Siteng Huang , Zhaoxin Fan , Donglin Wang

Diffusion language models (DLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to the long-dominant autoregressive (AR) paradigm, offering a parallelable decoding process that could yield greater efficiency. Yet, in practice, current open-source…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Han Peng , Peiyu Liu , Zican Dong , Daixuan Cheng , Junyi Li , Yiru Tang , Shuo Wang , Wayne Xin Zhao

We propose a new finetuning method to provide pre-trained large language models (LMs) the ability to scale test-time compute through the diffusion framework. By increasing the number of diffusion steps, we show our finetuned models achieve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Edoardo Cetin , Tianyu Zhao , Yujin Tang

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) enable parallel generation and are promising for unit test generation (UTG), where efficient and large-scale automated testing is essential in software development. Despite this advantage, their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Lekang Yang , Yuetong Liu , Yitong Zhang , Jia Li

Diffusion distillation methods aim to compress the diffusion models into efficient one-step generators while trying to preserve quality. Among them, Distribution Matching Distillation (DMD) offers a suitable framework for training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Denis Rakitin , Ivan Shchekotov , Dmitry Vetrov

While recent diffusion-based generative image codecs have shown impressive performance, their iterative sampling process introduces unpleasing latency. In this work, we revisit the design of a diffusion-based codec and argue that multi-step…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Naifu Xue , Zhaoyang Jia , Jiahao Li , Bin Li , Yuan Zhang , Yan Lu

Recent advancements in diffusion models have positioned them at the forefront of image generation. Despite their superior performance, diffusion models are not without drawbacks; they are characterized by complex architectures and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Yuda Song , Zehao Sun , Xuanwu Yin

We propose Score-of-Mixture Training (SMT), a novel framework for training one-step generative models by minimizing a class of divergences called the $\alpha$-skew Jensen--Shannon divergence. At its core, SMT estimates the score of mixture…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Tejas Jayashankar , J. Jon Ryu , Gregory Wornell

Distillation addresses the slow sampling problem in diffusion models by creating models with smaller size or fewer steps that approximate the behavior of high-step teachers. In this work, we propose a reinforcement learning based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Amirhossein Tighkhorshid , Zahra Dehghanian , Gholamali Aminian , Chengchun Shi , Hamid R. Rabiee

In this work, we provide a systematic survey of Discrete Diffusion Language Models (dLLMs) and Discrete Diffusion Multimodal Language Models (dMLLMs). Unlike autoregressive (AR) models, dLLMs and dMLLMs adopt a multi-token, parallel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Runpeng Yu , Qi Li , Xinchao Wang
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