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Mid-circuit measurements (MCMs) are critical components of the quantum error correction protocols expected to enable utility-scale quantum computing. MCMs can be modeled by quantum instruments (a type of quantum operation or process), which…

Current quantum computing platforms suffer from readout errors, where faulty measurement outcomes are reported by the device. These errors are particularly harmful in quantum programs that rely on branch statements wherein operations in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-02 Jin Ming Koh , Dax Enshan Koh , Jayne Thompson

The use of mid-circuit measurement and qubit reset within quantum programs has been introduced recently and several applications demonstrated that perform conditional branching based on these measurements. In this work, we go a step further…

Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is one of the most promising quantum algorithms for the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era. Quantifying the performance of QAOA in the near-term regime is of utmost importance. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-16 Ruslan Shaydulin , Yuri Alexeev

The rodeo algorithm is an efficient algorithm for eigenstate preparation and eigenvalue estimation for any observable on a quantum computer. This makes it a promising tool for studying the spectrum and structure of atomic nuclei as well as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-24 Zhengrong Qian , Jacob Watkins , Gabriel Given , Joey Bonitati , Kenneth Choi , Dean Lee

Qutrit state readout is an important technology not only for execution of qutrit algorithms but also for erasure detection in error correction circuits and leakage error characterization of the gate set. Conventional technique using a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-21 Naoki Kanazawa , Haruki Emori , David C. McKay

Quantum algorithms present a quadratically improved complexity over classical ones for certain sampling tasks. For instance, the Quantum Amplitude Estimation (QAE) algorithm promises to speedup the estimation of the mean of certain…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-13 Baptiste Claudon , Sergi Ramos-Calderer , Jean-Philip Piquemal

Universal fault-tolerant quantum computers will require error-free execution of long sequences of quantum gate operations, which is expected to involve millions of physical qubits. Before the full power of such machines will be available,…

It is generally considered that the signal output by a quantum circuit is attenuated exponentially fast in the number of gates. This letter explores how algorithms using mid-circuit measurements and classical conditioning as computational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-05 Etienne Granet , Henrik Dreyer

In Ref. [Phys. Rev. A 100, 062317 (2019)], the authors reported an algorithm to implement, in a circuit-based quantum computer, a general quantum measurement (GQM) of a two-level quantum system, a qubit. Even though their algorithm seems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-10 Douglas F. Pinto , Marcelo S. Zanetti , Marcos L. W. Basso , Jonas Maziero

A number of commercially available quantum computers, such as those based on trapped-ion or superconducting qubits, can now perform mid-circuit measurements and resets. In addition to being crucial for quantum error correction, this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-18 Matthew DeCross , Eli Chertkov , Megan Kohagen , Michael Foss-Feig

Quantum phase estimation (QPE) serves as a building block of many different quantum algorithms and finds important applications in computational chemistry problems. Despite the rapid development of quantum hardware, experimental…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-01 Kentaro Yamamoto , Samuel Duffield , Yuta Kikuchi , David Muñoz Ramo

Measurements that occur within the internal layers of a quantum circuit -- mid-circuit measurements -- are an important quantum computing primitive, most notably for quantum error correction. Mid-circuit measurements have both classical and…

Quantum computers are a highly promising tool for efficiently simulating quantum many-body systems. The preparation of their eigenstates is of particular interest and can be addressed, e.g., by quantum phase estimation algorithms. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-28 Xiaoyu Liu , Benjamin F. Schiffer , Jordi Tura

Quantum phase estimation is one of the most powerful quantum primitives. This work proposes a new approach for the problem of multiple eigenvalue estimation: Quantum Multiple Eigenvalue Gaussian filtered Search (QMEGS). QMEGS leverages the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-02 Zhiyan Ding , Haoya Li , Lin Lin , HongKang Ni , Lexing Ying , Ruizhe Zhang

While quantum algorithms for simulation exhibit better asymptotic scaling than their classical counterparts, they currently cannot be implemented on real-world devices. Instead, chemists and computer scientists rely on costly classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-03 Christopher Kang , Nicholas P. Bauman , Sriram Krishnamoorthy , Karol Kowalski

Quantum measurements are a fundamental component of quantum computing. However, on modern-day quantum computers, measurements can be more error prone than quantum gates, and are susceptible to non-unital errors as well as non-local…

Measurement-based quantum error correction relies on the ability to determine the state of a subset of qubits (ancillae) within a processor without revealing or disturbing the state of the remaining qubits. Among neutral-atom based…

Recent advances in quantum computing devices have brought attention to hybrid quantum-classical algorithms like the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) as a potential route to practical quantum advantage in chemistry. However, it is not…

Gate-based quantum computers are an innovative tool for experimentally studying the core principles of quantum mechanics. This work presents the first observation of quantum anomalous heat flow between two qubits and investigates the role…