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Logical reasoning consistently plays a fundamental and significant role in the domains of knowledge engineering and artificial intelligence. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a noteworthy innovation in natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Fangzhi Xu , Qika Lin , Jiawei Han , Tianzhe Zhao , Jun Liu , Erik Cambria

Long-form legal reasoning remains a key challenge for large language models (LLMs) in spite of recent advances in test-time scaling. To address this, we introduce LEXam, a novel benchmark derived from 340 law exams spanning 116 law school…

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has introduced new possibilities and challenges in physics education, necessitating rigorous evaluation of their capabilities as both problem solvers and automated assessors. This paper…

Physics Education · Physics 2026-05-25 Jonah R. Donaldson , Aliya Navaz , Konstantinos Doran , Alysta Lim , Mario Campanelli

Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly advancing across diverse domains, yet their application in theoretical physics remains inadequate. While current models show competence in mathematical reasoning and code generation, we identify…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Sirui Lu , Zhijing Jin , Terry Jingchen Zhang , Pavel Kos , J. Ignacio Cirac , Bernhard Schölkopf

Benchmarks for competition-style reasoning have advanced evaluation in mathematics and programming, yet physics remains comparatively explored. Most existing physics benchmarks evaluate only final answers, which fail to capture reasoning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Wanjia Zhao , Qinwei Ma , Jingzhe Shi , Shirley Wu , Jiaqi Han , Yijia Xiao , Si-Yuan Chen , Xiao Luo , Ludwig Schmidt , James Zou

We present Logics-STEM, a state-of-the-art reasoning model fine-tuned on Logics-STEM-SFT-Dataset, a high-quality and diverse dataset at 10M scale that represents one of the largest-scale open-source long chain-of-thought corpora.…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance in various natural language processing tasks but face challenges in mathematical reasoning, where complex problem-solving requires both linguistic understanding and mathematical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Shuguang Chen , Guang Lin

This paper explores ideas and provides a potential roadmap for the development and evaluation of physics-specific large-scale AI models, which we call Large Physics Models (LPMs). These models, based on foundation models such as Large…

Mathematical reasoning serves as a cornerstone for assessing the fundamental cognitive capabilities of human intelligence. In recent times, there has been a notable surge in the development of Large Language Models (LLMs) geared towards the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Janice Ahn , Rishu Verma , Renze Lou , Di Liu , Rui Zhang , Wenpeng Yin

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit impressive in-context learning (ICL) abilities, enabling them to solve wide range of tasks via textual prompts alone. As these capabilities advance, the range of applicable domains continues to expand…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Yeongwoo Song , Jaeyong Bae , Dong-Kyum Kim , Hawoong Jeong

Evaluating vision-language models (VLMs) in scientific domains like mathematics and physics poses unique challenges that go far beyond predicting final answers. These domains demand conceptual understanding, symbolic reasoning, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Shima Imani , Seungwhan Moon , Adel Ahmadyan , Lu Zhang , Kirmani Ahmed , Babak Damavandi

Current benchmarks for evaluating the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) face significant limitations: task oversimplification, data contamination, and flawed evaluation items. These deficiencies necessitate more…

We present **Lean4PHYS**, a comprehensive reasoning framework for college-level physics problems in Lean4. **Lean4PHYS** includes *LeanPhysBench*, a college-level benchmark for formal physics reasoning in Lean4, which contains 200…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Yuxin Li , Minghao Liu , Ruida Wang , Wenzhao Ji , Zhitao He , Rui Pan , Junming Huang , Tong Zhang , Yi R. Fung

Multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated promising capabilities across various tasks by integrating textual and visual information to achieve visual understanding in complex scenarios. Despite the availability of several…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Zhihuan Jiang , Zhen Yang , Jinhao Chen , Zhengxiao Du , Weihan Wang , Bin Xu , Jie Tang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various domains, including software development, education, and technical assistance. Among these, software development is one of the key areas where LLMs are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Inpyo Song , Eunji Jeon , Jangwon Lee

Large language models (LLMs) are now widely accessible, reaching learners at all educational levels. This development has raised concerns that their use may circumvent essential learning processes and compromise the integrity of established…

Physics Education · Physics 2025-07-02 Paul Tschisgale , Holger Maus , Fabian Kieser , Ben Kroehs , Stefan Petersen , Peter Wulff

Large language models (LLMs) have obtained promising results in mathematical reasoning, which is a foundational skill for human intelligence. Most previous studies focus on improving and measuring the performance of LLMs based on textual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Wentao Liu , Qianjun Pan , Yi Zhang , Zhuo Liu , Ji Wu , Jie Zhou , Aimin Zhou , Qin Chen , Bo Jiang , Liang He

Reasoning models are the new generation of Large Language Models (LLMs) capable of complex problem solving. Their reliability in solving introductory physics problems was tested by evaluating a sample of n = 5 solutions generated by one…

Physics Education · Physics 2025-08-29 Amir Bralin , N. Sanjay Rebello

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in diverse reasoning tasks, yet their application to complex physics reasoning remains underexplored. Physics reasoning presents unique challenges, requiring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Song Dai , Yibo Yan , Jiamin Su , Dongfang Zihao , Yubo Gao , Yonghua Hei , Jungang Li , Junyan Zhang , Sicheng Tao , Zhuoran Gao , Xuming Hu

Modern foundational Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) and video world models have advanced significantly in mathematical, common-sense, and visual reasoning, but their grasp of the underlying physics remains underexplored. Existing…