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In recent years, large language models have demonstrated remarkable performance across various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, deploying these models for real-world applications often requires efficient inference solutions…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Ditto PS , Jithin VG , Adarsh MS

The rapid scaling of Large Language Models (LLMs) has pushed training workloads far beyond the limits of single-node analysis, demanding a deeper understanding of how these models behave across large-scale, multi-GPU systems. In this paper,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Seokjin Go , Joongun Park , Spandan More , Hanjiang Wu , Irene Wang , Aaron Jezghani , Tushar Krishna , Divya Mahajan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have presented impressive performance across several transformative tasks. However, it is non-trivial to efficiently utilize large-scale cluster resources to develop LLMs, often riddled with numerous challenges…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Qinghao Hu , Zhisheng Ye , Zerui Wang , Guoteng Wang , Meng Zhang , Qiaoling Chen , Peng Sun , Dahua Lin , Xiaolin Wang , Yingwei Luo , Yonggang Wen , Tianwei Zhang

Breakthroughs in the generative AI domain have fueled an explosion of large language model (LLM)-powered applications, whose workloads fundamentally consist of sequences of inferences through transformer architectures. Within this rapidly…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Burak Topcu , Musa Oguzhan Cim , Poovaiah Palangappa , Meena Arunachalam , Mahmut Taylan Kandemir

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely applied but face challenges in efficient inference. While quantization methods reduce computational demands, ultra-low bit quantization with arbitrary precision is hindered by limited GPU Tensor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Shaobo Ma , Chao Fang , Haikuo Shao , Zhongfeng Wang

As large language models (LLMs) continue to scale, the high power consumption of AI accelerators in datacenters presents significant challenges, substantially increasing the total cost of ownership (TCO) for cloud service providers (CSPs)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Jiwoo Kim , Joonhyung Lee , Gunho Park , Byeongwook Kim , Se Jung Kwon , Dongsoo Lee , Youngjoo Lee

With the rapid growth of large language models (LLMs), a wide range of methods have been developed to distribute computation and memory across hardware devices for efficient training and inference. While existing surveys provide descriptive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Hossam Amer , Rezaul Karim , Ali Pourranjbar , Weiwei Zhang , Walid Ahmed , Boxing Chen

Large language models (LLMs) show best-in-class performance across a wide range of natural language processing applications. Training these models is an extremely computationally expensive task; frontier Artificial Intelligence (AI)…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Alexander Interrante-Grant , Carla Varela-Rosa , Suhaas Narayan , Chris Connelly , Albert Reuther

With the advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs), the importance of accelerators that efficiently process LLM computations has been increasing. This paper discusses the necessity of LLM accelerators and provides a comprehensive analysis…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Sihyeong Park , Jemin Lee , Byung-Soo Kim , Seokhun Jeon

Large language models (LLMs) are becoming increasingly capable at small parameter scales. At the same time, conventional cloud-centric deployment introduces challenges around data privacy, latency, and cost that are acute in operational…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Harri Renney , Fouad Trad , Michael Mattarock , Zena Wood

The boom in Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT-4 and ChatGPT has marked a significant advancement in artificial intelligence. These models are becoming increasingly complex and powerful to train and serve. This growth in capabilities…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Ekansh Agrawal , Xiangyu Sam Xu

RAPID-LLM is a unified performance modeling framework for large language model (LLM) training and inference on GPU clusters. It couples a DeepFlow-based frontend that generates hardware-aware, operator-level Chakra execution traces from an…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance on a broad range of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, including document processing and code generation. Autoregressive Language Models (ARMs), which generate…

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance across a wide range of applications, often outperforming human experts. However, deploying these gigantic models efficiently for diverse inference use cases requires carefully…

Large Language Model (LLM) inference systems present significant challenges in statistical performance characterization due to dynamic workload variations, diverse hardware architectures, and complex interactions between model size, batch…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Kaustabha Ray , Nelson Mimura Gonzalez , Bruno Wassermann , Rachel Tzoref-Brill , Dean H. Lorenz

The rapid development of large language models (LLM) has greatly enhanced everyday applications. While many FPGA-based accelerators, with flexibility for fine-grained data control, exhibit superior speed and energy efficiency compared to…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zifan He , Shengyu Ye , Rui Ma , Yang Wang , Jason Cong

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant promise in automating software development tasks, yet their capabilities with respect to software design tasks remains largely unclear. This study investigates the capabilities of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-11 L. P. Franciscatto Guerra , N. Ernst

Large language models demand massive computational power and memory resources, posing significant challenges for efficient deployment. While quantization has been widely explored to reduce model size and computation, this paper demonstrates…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Soroush Ahadi , Mehdi Modarressi , Masoud Daneshtalab

Large language models (LLMs) are widely applied in chatbots, code generators, and search engines. Workload such as chain-of-throught, complex reasoning, agent services significantly increase the inference cost by invoke the model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Sihyeong Park , Sungryeol Jeon , Chaelyn Lee , Seokhun Jeon , Byung-Soo Kim , Jemin Lee

Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT and LLaMA are revolutionizing the AI industry with their sophisticated capabilities. Training these models requires vast GPU clusters and significant computing time, posing major challenges in terms of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Jiangfei Duan , Shuo Zhang , Zerui Wang , Lijuan Jiang , Wenwen Qu , Qinghao Hu , Guoteng Wang , Qizhen Weng , Hang Yan , Xingcheng Zhang , Xipeng Qiu , Dahua Lin , Yonggang Wen , Xin Jin , Tianwei Zhang , Peng Sun