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Difficulty-controllable question generation for reading comprehension has gained significant attention in the field of education as a fundamental tool for adaptive learning support. Although several neural question generation methods have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yuto Tomikawa , Masaki Uto

Given vector representations for individual words, it is necessary to compute vector representations of sentences for many applications in a compositional manner, often using artificial neural networks. Relatively little work has explored…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-18 Adly Templeton , Jugal Kalita

Question-driven summarization has been recently studied as an effective approach to summarizing the source document to produce concise but informative answers for non-factoid questions. In this work, we propose a novel question-driven…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-09 Yang Deng , Wenxuan Zhang , Wai Lam

We present a novel summarization framework for reviews of products and services by selecting informative and concise text segments from the reviews. Our method consists of two major steps. First, we identify five frequently occurring…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2012-11-26 Trung V. Nguyen , Alice H. Oh

Novel neural architectures, training strategies, and the availability of large-scale corpora haven been the driving force behind recent progress in abstractive text summarization. However, due to the black-box nature of neural models,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Jesse Vig , Wojciech Kryściński , Karan Goel , Nazneen Fatema Rajani

Steering vectors (SVs) have emerged as a promising approach for interpreting and controlling LLMs, but current methods typically require large contrastive datasets that are often impractical to construct and may capture spurious…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Jacob Dunefsky , Arman Cohan

Steering methods for language models (LMs) seek to provide fine-grained and interpretable control over model generations by variously changing model inputs, weights, or representations to adjust behavior. Recent work has shown that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Zhengxuan Wu , Qinan Yu , Aryaman Arora , Christopher D. Manning , Christopher Potts

Generic generation and manipulation of text is challenging and has limited success compared to recent deep generative modeling in visual domain. This paper aims at generating plausible natural language sentences, whose attributes are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-14 Zhiting Hu , Zichao Yang , Xiaodan Liang , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Eric P. Xing

The validity of the subjective evaluation of steering feedback in driving simulators is crucial for modern vehicle development. Although there are established objective steering characteristics for the assessment of both stationary and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-16 Maximilian Böhle , Bernhard Schick , Steffen Müller

Recent work has shown that LLMs can sometimes detect when steering vectors are injected into their residual stream and identify the injected concept -- a phenomenon termed "introspective awareness." We investigate the mechanisms underlying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Uzay Macar , Li Yang , Atticus Wang , Peter Wallich , Emmanuel Ameisen , Jack Lindsey

Text summarization aims to extract essential information from a piece of text and transform the text into a concise version. Existing unsupervised abstractive summarization models leverage recurrent neural networks framework while the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Ziyi Yang , Chenguang Zhu , Robert Gmyr , Michael Zeng , Xuedong Huang , Eric Darve

Abstractive text summarization is surging with the number of training samples to cater to the needs of the deep learning models. These models tend to exploit the training data representations to attain superior performance by improving the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Yash Kumar Atri , Vikram Goyal , Tanmoy Chakraborty

In this paper, we aim to improve abstractive dialogue summarization quality and, at the same time, enable granularity control. Our model has two primary components and stages: 1) a two-stage generation strategy that generates a preliminary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-04 Chien-Sheng Wu , Linqing Liu , Wenhao Liu , Pontus Stenetorp , Caiming Xiong

A notable challenge in Multi-Document Summarization (MDS) is the extremely-long length of the input. In this paper, we present an extract-then-abstract Transformer framework to overcome the problem. Specifically, we leverage pre-trained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Yun-Zhu Song , Yi-Syuan Chen , Hong-Han Shuai

Representing meaning in the form of high dimensional vectors is a common and powerful tool in biologically inspired architectures. While the meaning of a set of concepts can be summarized by taking a (possibly weighted) sum of their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-09-25 Douglas Summers-Stay , Peter Sutor , Dandan Li

Recent advances in text autoencoders have significantly improved the quality of the latent space, which enables models to generate grammatical and consistent text from aggregated latent vectors. As a successful application of this property,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-18 Hayate Iso , Xiaolan Wang , Yoshihiko Suhara , Stefanos Angelidis , Wang-Chiew Tan

Significant development of communication technology over the past few years has motivated research in multi-modal summarization techniques. A majority of the previous works on multi-modal summarization focus on text and images. In this…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-05-20 Anubhav Jangra , Sriparna Saha , Adam Jatowt , Mohammad Hasanuzzaman

We present work on summarising deliberative processes for non-English languages. Unlike commonly studied datasets, such as news articles, this deliberation dataset reflects difficulties of combining multiple narratives, mostly of poor…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-13 M. Arana-Catania , Rob Procter , Yulan He , Maria Liakata

Effective summarisation evaluation metrics enable researchers and practitioners to compare different summarisation systems efficiently. Estimating the effectiveness of an automatic evaluation metric, termed meta-evaluation, is a critically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Xiang Dai , Sarvnaz Karimi , Biaoyan Fang

Prompt tuning (PT), a parameter-efficient technique that only tunes the additional prompt embeddings while keeping the backbone pre-trained language model (PLM) frozen, has shown promising results in language understanding tasks, especially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Mathieu Ravaut , Hailin Chen , Ruochen Zhao , Chengwei Qin , Shafiq Joty , Nancy Chen
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