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Cognition is not passive data accumulation but the active resolution of uncertainty through symmetry breaking. This paper argues that both cognitive evolution and development unfold via sequential symmetry-breaking transitions that disrupt…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-06-13 Xin Li

The dynamical behavior of networked systems is expected to reflect the features of their coupling structure. Yet, symmetry-broken solutions often occur in symmetrically coupled networks. An example is provided by the so-called solitary…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2022-11-30 Leonhard Schülen , Maria Mikhailenko , Everton S. Medeiros , Anna Zakharova

Symmetry breaking ubiquitously occurs across complex systems, from phase transition in statistical physics to self-organized lane formation in pedestrian dynamics. Here, we uncover spontaneous symmetry breaking in a simple model of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-04-15 Henrik Wolf , David-Maximilian Storch , Marc Timme , Malte Schröder

We study spontaneous symmetry breaking in a one-dimensional driven two-species stochastic cellular automaton with parallel sublattice update and open boundaries. The dynamics are symmetric with respect to interchange of particles. Starting…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-11 Stefan Grosskinsky , Gunter M. Schutz , Richard D. Willmann

Complex networks from such different fields as biology, technology or sociology share similar organization principles. The possibility of a unique growth mechanism promises to uncover universal origins of collective behaviour. In…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-09-29 Chaoming Song , Shlomo Havlin , Hernán A. Makse

In this Rapid Communication we investigate spatially constrained networks that realize optimal synchronization properties. After arguing that spatial constraints can be imposed by limiting the amount of `wire' available to connect nodes…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2015-05-18 Markus Brede

We show that abrupt structural transitions can arise in functionally optimal networks, driven by small changes in the level of transport congestion. Our results offer an explanation as to why so many diverse species of network structure…

Biological Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Timothy C. Jarrett , Douglas J. Ashton , Mark Fricker , Neil F. Johnson

The interaction between natural selection and random mutation is frequently debated in recent years. Does similar dilemma also exist in the evolution of real networks such as biological networks? In this paper, we try to discuss this issue…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-01-07 Zhen Shao , Hai-jun Zhou

Condensation phenomena in particle systems typically occur as one of two distinct types: either as a spontaneous symmetry breaking in a homogeneous system, in which particle interactions enforce condensation in a randomly located site, or…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-09-26 Cécile Mailler , Peter Mörters , Daniel Ueltschi

A major ambition of systems science is to uncover the building blocks of any biological network to decipher how cellular function emerges from their interactions. Here, we introduce a graph representation of the information flow in these…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2020-06-15 Flaviano Morone , Ian Leifer , Hernan A. Makse

Optimality principles in nonequilibrium transport networks are linked to a thermodynamic formalism based on generalized transport potentials endowed with Legendre duality and related contact structure. This allows quantifying the distance…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-06-23 Amilcare Porporato , Shashank Kumar Anand , Salvatore Calabrese , Luca Ridolfi , Lamberto Rondoni

A symmetry is a `change without change'. As simple as it sounds, this concept is the fundamental cornerstone that unifies all branches of theoretical physics. Virtually all physical laws -- ranging from classical mechanics and…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2025-03-25 Hernan A. Makse , Paolo Boldi , Francesco Sorrentino , Ian Stewart

Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the spontaneous generation of self-organized patterns, hypothesised to play a role in the formation of many of the magnificent patterns observed in Nature. In several cases of interest, the…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2025-10-22 Riccardo Muolo , Malbor Asllani , Duccio Fanelli , Philip K. Maini , Timoteo Carletti

In the paper, we study fluctuations over several ensembles of maximum-entropy random networks. We derive several fluctuation-dissipation relations characterizing susceptibilities of different networks to changes in external fields. In the…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-11-11 Agata Fronczak , Piotr Fronczak , Janusz A. Holyst

Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) comprise important symmetry properties, which can influence the performance of Monte Carlo methods in Neuroevolution. The problem of the symmetries is also known as the competing conventions problem or…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2011-07-25 Onay Urfalioglu , Orhan Arikan

In networks of nonlinear oscillators, symmetries place hard constraints on the system that can be exploited to predict universal dynamical features and steady-states, providing a rare generic organizing principle for far-from-equilibrium…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2021-03-02 Ian Hunter , Michael M. Norton , Bolun Chen , Chris Simonetti , Maria Eleni Moustaka , Jonathan Touboul , Seth Fraden

In this work and the supporting Parts II [2] and III [3], we provide a rather detailed analysis of the stability and performance of asynchronous strategies for solving distributed optimization and adaptation problems over networks. We…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2014-12-17 Xiaochuan Zhao , Ali H. Sayed

This chapter provides a comprehensive and self-contained discussion of the most recent developments of information theory of networks. Maximum entropy models of networks are the least biased ensembles enforcing a set of constraints and are…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2022-06-14 Ginestra Bianconi

We present a bipartite network model that captures intermediate stages of optimization by blending the Maximum Entropy approach with Optimal Transport. In this framework, the network's constraints define the total mass each node can supply…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-02-05 Lorenzo Buffa , Dario Mazzilli , Riccardo Piombo , Fabio Saracco , Giulio Cimini , Aurelio Patelli

Recognizing symmetries in data allows for significant boosts in neural network training, which is especially important where training data are limited. In many cases, however, the exact underlying symmetry is present only in an idealized…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-04-07 Seth Nabat , Aishik Ghosh , Edmund Witkowski , Gregor Kasieczka , Daniel Whiteson