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Modern generative models exhibit unprecedented capabilities to generate extremely realistic data. However, given the inherent compositionality of the real world, reliable use of these models in practical applications requires that they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Maya Okawa , Ekdeep Singh Lubana , Robert P. Dick , Hidenori Tanaka

The success of denoising diffusion models raises important questions regarding their generalisation behaviour, particularly in high-dimensional settings. Notably, it has been shown that when training and sampling are performed perfectly,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-08 Tyler Farghly , Patrick Rebeschini , George Deligiannidis , Arnaud Doucet

Machine learning models that are developed with invariance to certain types of data transformations have demonstrated superior generalization performance in practice. However, the underlying mechanism that explains why invariance leads to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Sicheng Zhu , Bang An , Furong Huang

While many unsupervised learning models focus on one family of tasks, either generative or discriminative, we explore the possibility of a unified representation learner: a model which uses a single pre-training stage to address both…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Soumik Mukhopadhyay , Matthew Gwilliam , Vatsal Agarwal , Namitha Padmanabhan , Archana Swaminathan , Srinidhi Hegde , Tianyi Zhou , Abhinav Shrivastava

Diffusion models have emerged as a powerful framework for generative tasks in deep learning. They decompose generative modeling into two computational primitives: deterministic neural-network evaluation and stochastic sampling. Current…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Nihal Sanjay Singh , Mazdak Mohseni-Rajaee , Shaila Niazi , Kerem Y. Camsari

The widespread use of diffusion models has led to an abundance of AI-generated data, raising concerns about model collapse -- a phenomenon in which recursive iterations of training on synthetic data lead to performance degradation. Prior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Lianghe Shi , Meng Wu , Huijie Zhang , Zekai Zhang , Molei Tao , Qing Qu

The development of diffusion-based generative models over the past decade has largely proceeded independently of progress in representation learning. These diffusion models typically rely on regression-based objectives and generally lack…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Runqian Wang , Kaiming He

Real-world data generation often involves certain geometries (e.g., graphs) that induce instance-level interdependence. This characteristic makes the generalization of learning models more difficult due to the intricate interdependent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Qitian Wu , Fan Nie , Chenxiao Yang , Junchi Yan

Diffusion models are the mainstream approach for time series generation tasks. However, existing diffusion models for time series generation require retraining the entire framework to introduce specific conditional guidance. There also…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Mingchun Sun , Rongqiang Zhao , Hengrui Hu , Songyu Ding , Jie Liu

We theoretically investigate the phenomena of generalization and memorization in diffusion models. Empirical studies suggest that these phenomena are influenced by model complexity and the size of the training dataset. In our experiments,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Anand Jerry George , Rodrigo Veiga , Nicolas Macris

Joint machine learning models that allow synthesizing and classifying data often offer uneven performance between those tasks or are unstable to train. In this work, we depart from a set of empirical observations that indicate the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-06 Kamil Deja , Tomasz Trzcinski , Jakub M. Tomczak

Diffusion models offer stable training and state-of-the-art performance for deep generative modeling tasks. Here, we consider their use in the context of multivariate subsurface modeling and probabilistic inversion. We first demonstrate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Roberto Miele , Niklas Linde

Model-based reinforcement learning methods often use learning only for the purpose of estimating an approximate dynamics model, offloading the rest of the decision-making work to classical trajectory optimizers. While conceptually simple,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Michael Janner , Yilun Du , Joshua B. Tenenbaum , Sergey Levine

Despite the growing interest in diffusion models, gaining a deep understanding of the model class remains an elusive endeavour, particularly for the uninitiated in non-equilibrium statistical physics. Thanks to the rapid rate of progress in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Fabio De Sousa Ribeiro , Ben Glocker

We investigate Gaussian Universality for data distributions generated via diffusion models. By Gaussian Universality we mean that the test error of a generalized linear model $f(\mathbf{W})$ trained for a classification task on the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-30 Reza Ghane , Anthony Bao , Danil Akhtiamov , Babak Hassibi

A major challenge in understanding the generalization of deep learning is to explain why (stochastic) gradient descent can exploit the network architecture to find solutions that have good generalization performance when using high capacity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-12 Yifan Wu , Barnabas Poczos , Aarti Singh

Denoising diffusion models represent a recent emerging topic in computer vision, demonstrating remarkable results in the area of generative modeling. A diffusion model is a deep generative model that is based on two stages, a forward…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Florinel-Alin Croitoru , Vlad Hondru , Radu Tudor Ionescu , Mubarak Shah

Diffusion probabilistic models have become a cornerstone of modern generative AI, yet the mechanisms underlying their generalization remain poorly understood. In fact, if these models were perfectly minimizing their training loss, they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Alessandro Favero , Antonio Sclocchi , Matthieu Wyart

Learning a categorical distribution comes with its own set of challenges. A successful approach taken by state-of-the-art works is to cast the problem in a continuous domain to take advantage of the impressive performance of the generative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-09 Florence Regol , Mark Coates

Diffusion models generate high-dimensional data such as images by learning a process that gradually removes noise from corrupted data. Recent studies have shown that the backward dynamics of diffusion models exhibit two characteristic…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-04-14 Tomoei Takahashi , Takashi Takahashi , Yoshiyuki Kabashima