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This paper develops an inherently parallelised, fast, approximate learning-based solution to the generic class of Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problems with Time Windows and Dynamic Routing (CVRP-TWDR). Considering vehicles in a fleet as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Nazneen N Sultana , Vinita Baniwal , Ansuma Basumatary , Piyush Mittal , Supratim Ghosh , Harshad Khadilkar

A general framework of unsupervised learning for combinatorial optimization (CO) is to train a neural network (NN) whose output gives a problem solution by directly optimizing the CO objective. Albeit with some advantages over traditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Haoyu Wang , Pan Li

Distributionally robust optimization (DRO) can improve the robustness and fairness of learning methods. In this paper, we devise stochastic algorithms for a class of DRO problems including group DRO, subpopulation fairness, and empirical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Tasuku Soma , Khashayar Gatmiry , Sharut Gupta , Stefanie Jegelka

Combinatorial optimization (CO) problems are traditionally addressed using Operations Research (OR) methods, including metaheuristics. In this study, we introduce a demand selection problem for the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) with an…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Farid Najar , Dominique Barth , Yann Strozecki

The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is the combinatorial optimization problem of designing routes for vehicles to visit customers in such a fashion that a cost function, typically the number of vehicles, or the total travelled distance is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-07-01 Sabino Francesco Roselli , Martin Fabian , Knut Åkesson

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful tool for neural combinatorial optimization, enabling models to learn heuristics that solve complex problems without requiring expert knowledge. Despite significant progress, existing RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Mingjun Pan , Guanquan Lin , You-Wei Luo , Bin Zhu , Zhien Dai , Lijun Sun , Chun Yuan

Visual navigation is a fundamental problem in embodied AI, yet practical deployments demand long-horizon planning capabilities to address multi-objective tasks. A major bottleneck is data scarcity: policies learned from limited data often…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Yiyuan Pan , Yunzhe Xu , Zhe Liu , Hesheng Wang

Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) for Combinatorial Optimization (CO) is an emerging paradigm for solving combinatorial problems using neural networks. In this paper, we address a central challenge of SSL for CO: solving problems with discrete…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Nikolaos Karalias , Akbar Rafiey , Yifei Xu , Zhishang Luo , Behrooz Tahmasebi , Connie Jiang , Stefanie Jegelka

Constrained Online Convex Optimization (COCO) can be seen as a generalization of the standard Online Convex Optimization (OCO) framework. At each round, a cost function and constraint function are revealed after a learner chooses an action.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Ricardo N. Ferreira , Cláudia Soares

Combinatorial optimization problem (COP) over graphs is a fundamental challenge in optimization. Reinforcement learning (RL) has recently emerged as a new framework to tackle these problems and has demonstrated promising results. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-05 Fan Yao , Renqin Cai , Hongning Wang

Multi-task Vehicle Routing Problems (VRPs) aim to minimize routing costs while satisfying diverse constraints. Existing solvers typically adopt a unified reinforcement learning (RL) framework to learn generalizable patterns across tasks.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Shuangchun Gui , Suyu Liu , Xuehe Wang , Zhiguang Cao

Routing problems are a class of combinatorial problems with many practical applications. Recently, end-to-end deep learning methods have been proposed to learn approximate solution heuristics for such problems. In contrast, classical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-06 Wouter Kool , Herke van Hoof , Joaquim Gromicho , Max Welling

Constraint programming (CP) is a powerful technique for solving constraint satisfaction and optimization problems. In CP solvers, the variable ordering strategy used to select which variable to explore first in the solving process has a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Yuan Sun , Su Nguyen , Dhananjay Thiruvady , Xiaodong Li , Andreas T. Ernst , Uwe Aickelin

This paper introduces the Random-Key Optimizer (RKO), a versatile and efficient stochastic local search method tailored for combinatorial optimization problems. Using the random-key concept, RKO encodes solutions as vectors of random keys…

Using machine learning to solve combinatorial optimization (CO) problems is challenging, especially when the data is unlabeled. This work proposes an unsupervised learning framework for CO problems. Our framework follows a standard…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Haoyu Wang , Nan Wu , Hang Yang , Cong Hao , Pan Li

Over the past decade, neural network solvers powered by generative artificial intelligence have garnered significant attention in the domain of vehicle routing problems (VRPs), owing to their exceptional computational efficiency and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Zhenwei Wang , Tiehua Zhang , Ning Xue , Ender Ozcan , Ling Wang , Ruibin Bai

The constructive approach within Neural Combinatorial Optimization (NCO) treats a combinatorial optimization problem as a finite Markov decision process, where solutions are built incrementally through a sequence of decisions guided by a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Jonathan Pirnay , Dominik G. Grimm

Recent advancements in Neural Combinatorial Optimization (NCO) have shown promise in solving routing problems like the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) and Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) without handcrafted designs. Research in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Ke Li , Fei Liu , Zhengkun Wang , Qingfu Zhang

Exploring machine learning techniques for addressing vehicle routing problems has attracted considerable research attention. To achieve decent and efficient solutions, existing deep models for vehicle routing problems are typically trained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Jingwen Li , Zhiguang Cao , Yaoxin Wu , Tang Liu

Combinatorial Optimization (CO) encompasses a wide range of problems that arise in many real-world scenarios. While significant progress has been made in developing learning-based methods for specialized CO problems, a unified model with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Zefang Zong , Xiaochen Wei , Guozhen Zhang , Chen Gao , Huandong Wang , Yong Li