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We present SoundStream, a novel neural audio codec that can efficiently compress speech, music and general audio at bitrates normally targeted by speech-tailored codecs. SoundStream relies on a model architecture composed by a fully…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-07-08 Neil Zeghidour , Alejandro Luebs , Ahmed Omran , Jan Skoglund , Marco Tagliasacchi

Neural audio coding has emerged as a vivid research direction by promising good audio quality at very low bitrates unachievable by classical coding techniques. Here, end-to-end trainable autoencoder-like models represent the state of the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-20 Andreas Brendel , Nicola Pia , Kishan Gupta , Lyonel Behringer , Guillaume Fuchs , Markus Multrus

Neural audio codecs have revolutionized audio processing by enabling speech tasks to be performed on highly compressed representations. Recent work has shown that speech separation can be achieved within these compressed domains, offering…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-28 Jia Qi Yip , Chin Yuen Kwok , Bin Ma , Eng Siong Chng

Discrete speech tokenization is a fundamental component in speech codecs. However, in large-scale speech-to-speech systems, the complexity of parallel streams from multiple quantizers and the computational cost of high-time-dimensional…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Rongkun Xue , Yazhe Niu , Shuai Hu , Zixin Yin , Yongqiang Yao , Jing Yang

While existing speech audio codecs designed for compression exploit limited forms of temporal redundancy and allow for multi-scale representations, they tend to represent all features of audio in the same way. In contrast, generative voice…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Ryan Collette , Ross Greenwood , Serena Nicoll

We present a scalable and efficient neural waveform coding system for speech compression. We formulate the speech coding problem as an autoencoding task, where a convolutional neural network (CNN) performs encoding and decoding as a neural…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-30 Kai Zhen , Jongmo Sung , Mi Suk Lee , Seungkwon Beak , Minje Kim

Efficiently representing audio signals in a compressed latent space is critical for latent generative modelling. However, existing autoencoders often force a choice between continuous embeddings and discrete tokens. Furthermore, achieving…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Marco Pasini , Stefan Lattner , George Fazekas

Historically, most speech models in machine-learning have used the mel-spectrogram as a speech representation. Recently, discrete audio tokens produced by neural audio codecs have become a popular alternate speech representation for speech…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-05 Ryan Langman , Ante Jukić , Kunal Dhawan , Nithin Rao Koluguri , Jason Li

Neural audio codec (NAC) is essential for reconstructing high-quality speech signals and generating discrete representations for downstream speech language models. However, ensuring accurate semantic modeling while maintaining high-fidelity…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-03 Yanzhou Ren , Noboru Harada , Daiki Takeuchi , Siyu Chen , Wei Liu , Xiao Zhang , Liyuan Zhang , Takehiro Moriya , Shoji Makino

We present a neural speech codec that challenges the need for complex residual vector quantization (RVQ) stacks by introducing a simpler, single-stage quantization approach. Our method operates directly on the mel-spectrogram, treating it…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Luis Felipe Chary , Miguel Arjona Ramirez

This paper proposes StreamCodec, a streamable neural audio codec designed for real-time communication. StreamCodec adopts a fully causal, symmetric encoder-decoder structure and operates in the modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT)…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Xiao-Hang Jiang , Yang Ai , Rui-Chen Zheng , Zhen-Hua Ling

In recent years, the introduction of neural networks (NNs) into the field of speech enhancement has brought significant improvements. However, many of the proposed methods are quite demanding in terms of computational complexity and memory…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-19 Ernst Seidel , Pejman Mowlaee , Tim Fingscheidt

The ever-growing size of neural networks poses serious challenges on resource-constrained devices, such as embedded sensors. Compression algorithms that reduce their size can mitigate these problems, provided that model performance stays…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Alexander Conzelmann , Robert Bamler

The recent advancement of end-to-end neural audio codecs enables compressing audio at very low bitrates while reconstructing the output audio with high fidelity. Nonetheless, such improvements often come at the cost of increased model…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-25 Sunghwan Ahn , Beom Jun Woo , Min Hyun Han , Chanyeong Moon , Nam Soo Kim

Neural audio codecs, leveraging quantization algorithms, have significantly impacted various speech/audio tasks. While high-fidelity reconstruction is paramount for human perception, audio coding for machines (ACoM) prioritizes efficient…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Anastasia Kuznetsova , Inseon Jang , Wootaek Lim , Minje Kim

Finite Scalar Quantization (FSQ) offers simplified training but suffers from residual magnitude decay in multi-stage settings, where subsequent stages receive exponentially weaker signals. We propose Robust Residual Finite Scalar…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-02 Xiaoxu Zhu , Xiaojie Yu , Guangchao Yao , Yiming Ren , Baoxiang Li

Recent advancements in Neural Audio Codec (NAC) models have inspired their use in various speech processing tasks, including speech enhancement (SE). In this work, we propose a novel, efficient SE approach by leveraging the pre-quantization…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-18 Haoyang Li , Jia Qi Yip , Tianyu Fan , Eng Siong Chng

Achieving high-fidelity audio compression while preserving perceptual quality across diverse content remains a key challenge in Neural Audio Coding (NAC). We introduce MUFFIN, a fully convolutional Neural Psychoacoustic Coding (NPC)…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Dianwen Ng , Kun Zhou , Yi-Wen Chao , Zhiwei Xiong , Bin Ma , Eng Siong Chng

The compression of deep learning models is of fundamental importance in deploying such models to edge devices. The selection of compression parameters can be automated to meet changes in the hardware platform and application using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-21 Nesma M. Rezk , Tomas Nordström , Dimitrios Stathis , Zain Ul-Abdin , Eren Erdal Aksoy , Ahmed Hemani

Scalability and efficiency are desired in neural speech codecs, which supports a wide range of bitrates for applications on various devices. We propose a collaborative quantization (CQ) scheme to jointly learn the codebook of LPC…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-14 Kai Zhen , Mi Suk Lee , Jongmo Sung , Seungkwon Beack , Minje Kim