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Mixture-of-Experts models, now popular for scaling capacity at fixed inference speed, switch experts at nearly every token. Once a model outgrows available GPU memory, this churn can render optimizations like offloading and pre-fetching…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Zeyu Shen , Peter Henderson

By increasing model parameters but activating them sparsely when performing a task, the use of Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture significantly improves the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) without increasing the inference…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Zeliang Zhang , Xiaodong Liu , Hao Cheng , Chenliang Xu , Jianfeng Gao

Solving multi-objective optimization problems for large deep neural networks is a challenging task due to the complexity of the loss landscape and the expensive computational cost of training and evaluating models. Efficient Pareto front…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Anke Tang , Li Shen , Yong Luo , Shiwei Liu , Han Hu , Bo Du

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models typically fix the number of activated experts $k$ at both training and inference. However, real-world deployments often face heterogeneous hardware, fluctuating workloads, and diverse quality-latency…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Naibin Gu , Zhenyu Zhang , Yuchen Feng , Yilong Chen , Peng Fu , Zheng Lin , Shuohuan Wang , Yu Sun , Hua Wu , Weiping Wang , Haifeng Wang

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) is an advanced model architecture in the industry that combines multiple specialized expert models from various domains into a single supermodel. This approach enables the model to scale without significantly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Jingming Guo , Yan Liu , Yu Meng , Zhiwei Tao , Banglan Liu , Gang Chen , Xiang Li

This paper introduces a theoretical framework for a Transformer-augmented, sectional Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture that aims to enhance computational efficiency while preserving model scalability. Unlike conventional MoE models,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Soham Sane

Recently, mixture of experts (MoE) has become a popular paradigm for achieving the trade-off between modal capacity and efficiency of multi-modal large language models (MLLMs). Different from previous efforts, we are dedicated to exploring…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Qiong Wu , Zhaoxi Ke , Yiyi Zhou , Xiaoshuai Sun , Rongrong Ji

Mixture of Experts (MoE) models based on Transformer architecture are pushing the boundaries of language and vision tasks. The allure of these models lies in their ability to substantially increase the parameter count without a…

Scaling Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) training introduces systems challenges absent in dense models. Because each token activates only a subset of experts, this sparsity allows total parameters to grow much faster than per-token computation,…

Visual deep reinforcement learning (RL) enables robots to acquire skills from visual input for unstructured tasks. However, current algorithms suffer from low sample efficiency, limiting their practical applicability. In this work, we…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Suning Huang , Zheyu Zhang , Tianhai Liang , Yihan Xu , Zhehao Kou , Chenhao Lu , Guowei Xu , Zhengrong Xue , Huazhe Xu

Large multimodal Mixture-of-Experts (MoEs) effectively scale the model size to boost performance while maintaining fixed active parameters. However, previous works primarily utilized full-precision experts during sparse up-cycling. Despite…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Hongyu Wang , Jiayu Xu , Ruiping Wang , Yan Feng , Yitao Zhai , Peng Pei , Xunliang Cai , Xilin Chen

We propose Tensor-Trained Low-Rank Adaptation Mixture of Experts (TT-LoRA MoE), a novel computational framework integrating Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) with sparse MoE routing to address scalability challenges in large model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Pradip Kunwar , Minh N. Vu , Maanak Gupta , Mahmoud Abdelsalam , Manish Bhattarai

Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) is a milestone in aligning large language models with human instructions and adapting them to downstream tasks. In particular, Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has gained widespread attention due to its parameter…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Jia-Chen Zhang , Yu-Jie Xiong , Xi-He Qiu , Chun-Ming Xia , Fei Dai , Zheng Zhou

Multi-Task Learning (MTL) for Vision Transformer aims at enhancing the model capability by tackling multiple tasks simultaneously. Most recent works have predominantly focused on designing Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) structures and in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Hanwen Zhong , Jiaxin Chen , Yutong Zhang , Di Huang , Yunhong Wang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) language models dramatically expand model capacity and achieve remarkable performance without increasing per-token compute. However, can MoEs surpass dense architectures under strictly equal resource constraints --…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Houyi Li , Ka Man Lo , Shijie Xuyang , Ziqi Wang , Wenzhen Zheng , Haocheng Zhang , Zhao Li , Shuigeng Zhou , Xiangyu Zhang , Daxin Jiang

Typical multi-task learning (MTL) methods rely on architectural adjustments and a large trainable parameter set to jointly optimize over several tasks. However, when the number of tasks increases so do the complexity of the architectural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-29 Gjorgji Strezoski , Nanne van Noord , Marcel Worring

In-context reinforcement learning (ICRL) has emerged as a promising paradigm for adapting RL agents to downstream tasks through prompt conditioning. However, two notable challenges remain in fully harnessing in-context learning within RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Wenhao Wu , Fuhong Liu , Haoru Li , Zican Hu , Daoyi Dong , Chunlin Chen , Zhi Wang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) Large Language Models (LLMs) face a trilemma of load imbalance, parameter redundancy, and communication overhead. We introduce a unified framework based on dynamic expert clustering and structured compression to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Peijun Zhu , Ning Yang , Baoliang Tian , Jiayu Wei , Weihao Zhang , Haijun Zhang , Pin Lv

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models substantially improve performance by increasing the capacity of dense architectures. However, directly training MoE models requires considerable computational resources and introduces extra overhead in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Jiacheng Ruan , Daize Dong , Xiaoye Qu , Tong Zhu , Ting Liu , Yuzhuo Fu , Yu Cheng , Suncheng Xiang

Mixture-of-Experts large language models (MoE-LLMs) marks a significant step forward of language models, however, they encounter two critical challenges in practice: 1) expert parameters lead to considerable memory consumption and loading…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Wei Huang , Yue Liao , Jianhui Liu , Ruifei He , Haoru Tan , Shiming Zhang , Hongsheng Li , Si Liu , Xiaojuan Qi