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Deep learning, particularly with the advancement of Large Language Models, has transformed biomolecular modeling, with protein language models such as ESM inspiring emerging RNA language models such as RiNALMo. Recent work has begun…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-18 Taehan Kim , Sangdae Nam

As large language models are increasingly trained and fine-tuned, practitioners need methods to identify which training data drive specific behaviors, particularly unintended ones. Training Data Attribution (TDA) methods address this by…

Large language models (LLMs) excel at handling human queries, but they can occasionally generate flawed or unexpected responses. Understanding their internal states is crucial for understanding their successes, diagnosing their failures,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Xuansheng Wu , Jiayi Yuan , Wenlin Yao , Xiaoming Zhai , Ninghao Liu

Internal activations of diffusion models encode rich semantic information, but interpreting such representations remains challenging. While Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs) have shown promise in disentangling latent representations, existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Zhenghao He , Guangzhi Xiong , Boyang Wang , Sanchit Sinha , Aidong Zhang

Representation Autoencoders (RAEs) have shown distinct advantages in diffusion modeling on ImageNet by training in high-dimensional semantic latent spaces. In this work, we investigate whether this framework can scale to large-scale,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Shengbang Tong , Boyang Zheng , Ziteng Wang , Bingda Tang , Nanye Ma , Ellis Brown , Jihan Yang , Rob Fergus , Yann LeCun , Saining Xie

While mechanistic interpretability tools like Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs) can uncover meaningful features within Large Language Models (LLMs), a critical gap remains in transforming these insights into practical actions for model…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Ling Shi , Xinwei Wu , Xiaohu Zhao , Hao Wang , Heng Liu , Yangyang Liu , Linlong Xu , Longyue Wang , Deyi Xiong , Weihua Luo

Instruction tuning data are often quantity-saturated due to the large volume of data collection and fast model iteration, leaving data selection important but underexplored. Existing quality-driven data selection methods, such as LIMA…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Xianjun Yang , Shaoliang Nie , Lijuan Liu , Suchin Gururangan , Ujjwal Karn , Rui Hou , Madian Khabsa , Yuning Mao

Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) are a technique for sparse decomposition of neural network activations into human-interpretable features. However, current SAEs suffer from feature absorption, where specialized features capture instances of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Anton Korznikov , Andrey Galichin , Alexey Dontsov , Oleg Rogov , Elena Tutubalina , Ivan Oseledets

Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) promise a unified approach for mechanistic interpretability, concept discovery, and model steering in LLMs and LVLMs. However, realizing this potential requires learned features to be both interpretable and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Akshay Kulkarni , Tsui-Wei Weng , Vivek Narayanaswamy , Shusen Liu , Wesam A. Sakla , Kowshik Thopalli

Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs) have shown to find interpretable features in neural networks from polysemantic neurons caused by superposition. Previous work has shown SAEs are an effective tool to extract interpretable features from the early…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Matthew Bozoukov

Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) are a popular technique for interpreting language model activations, and there is extensive recent work on improving SAE effectiveness. However, most prior work evaluates progress using unsupervised proxy metrics…

Understanding the internal representations of large language models is crucial for ensuring their reliability and safety, with sparse autoencoders (SAEs) emerging as a promising interpretability approach. However, current SAE training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 T. Ed Li , Junyu Ren

Interpretability benefits the theoretical understanding of representations. Existing word embeddings are generally dense representations. Hence, the meaning of latent dimensions is difficult to interpret. This makes word embeddings like a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Minxue Xia , Hao Zhu

Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs) have emerged as a powerful tool for interpreting the internal representations of CLIP vision encoders, yet existing analyses largely focus on the semantic meaning of individual features. We introduce information…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Yusung Ro , Jaehyun Choi , Junmo Kim

Unlearning specific concepts in text-to-image diffusion models has become increasingly important for preventing undesirable content generation. Among prior approaches, sparse autoencoder (SAE)-based methods have attracted attention due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Hyeonjin Kim , Hangyeol Jung , Heechan Yun , Sungjun Yun , Dong-Jun Han

Sparse Autoencoder (SAE) features have become essential tools for mechanistic interpretability research. SAE features are typically characterized by examining their activating examples, which are often "monosemantic" and align with human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Claire Tian , Katherine Tian , Nathan Hu

Text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models often exhibit gender bias, particularly by generating stereotypical associations between professions and gendered subjects. This paper presents SAE Debias, a lightweight and model-agnostic framework for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Chao Wu , Zhenyi Wang , Kangxian Xie , Naresh Kumar Devulapally , Vishnu Suresh Lokhande , Mingchen Gao

What latent features are encoded in language model (LM) representations? Recent work on training sparse autoencoders (SAEs) to disentangle interpretable features in LM representations has shown significant promise. However, evaluating the…

Steering vectors are a promising approach to control the behaviour of large language models. However, their underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. While sparse autoencoders (SAEs) may offer a potential method to interpret steering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Harry Mayne , Yushi Yang , Adam Mahdi

Recent advances in explainable machine learning have highlighted the potential of sparse autoencoders in uncovering mono-semantic features in densely encoded embeddings. While most research has focused on Large Language Model (LLM)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Daniel Pluth , Yu Zhou , Vijay K. Gurbani