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Quantum computers are expected to offer significant advantages in solving complex optimization problems that are challenging for classical computers. Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) problems represent an important class…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-15 Teemu Pihkakoski , Aravind Plathanam Babu , Pauli Taipale , Petri Liimatta , Matti Silveri

Current universal quantum computers have a limited number of noisy qubits. Because of this, it is difficult to use them to solve large-scale complex optimization problems. In this paper we tackle this issue by proposing a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-30 Pablo Bermejo , Roman Orus

Variational Quantum optimization algorithms, such as the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) or the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA), are among the most studied quantum algorithms. In our work, we evaluate and improve an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-24 David Winderl , Nicola Franco , Jeanette Miriam Lorenz

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a variational quantum algorithm (VQA) ideal for noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) processors, and is highly successful in solving combinatorial optimization problems (COPs). It…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-23 Francesco Aldo Venturelli , Sreetama Das , Filippo Caruso

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA), as a hybrid quantum/classical algorithm, has received much interest recently. QAOA can also be viewed as a variational ansatz for quantum control. However, its direct application to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-19 Jiahao Yao , Marin Bukov , Lin Lin

A promising approach to useful computational quantum advantage is to use variational quantum algorithms for optimisation problems. Crucial for the performance of these algorithms is to ensure that the algorithm converges with high…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-27 Ioannis Kolotouros , Petros Wallden

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a general-purpose algorithm for combinatorial optimization problems whose performance can only improve with the number of layers $p$. While QAOA holds promise as an algorithm that can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-08 Edward Farhi , Jeffrey Goldstone , Sam Gutmann , Leo Zhou

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a promising quantum-classical hybrid technique to solve combinatorial optimization problems in near-term gate-based noisy quantum devices. In QAOA, the objective is a function of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-24 Mahabubul Alam , Abdullah Ash-Saki , Swaroop Ghosh

The $p$-stage Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA$_p$) is a promising approach for combinatorial optimization on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices, but its theoretical behavior is not well understood beyond $p=1$.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-21 Kunal Marwaha

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is one of the most prominent proposed applications for near-term quantum computing. Here we study the ability of QAOA to solve hard constraint satisfaction problems, as opposed to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-16 Sami Boulebnane , Ashley Montanaro

Combinatorial optimization models a vast range of industrial processes aiming at improving their efficiency. In general, solving this type of problem exactly is computationally intractable. Therefore, practitioners rely on heuristic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-14 David Amaro , Matthias Rosenkranz , Nathan Fitzpatrick , Koji Hirano , Mattia Fiorentini

Combinatorial optimization is widely regarded as a primary application for near-term quantum processors, although a definitive demonstration of the practical quantum advantage remains elusive. Recent studies have reported that both…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-21 Xian-Zhe Tao , Pavel Mosharev , Man-Hong Yung

Variational Quantum Algorithm (VQA) is a hybrid algorithm for noisy quantum devices. However, statistical fluctuations and physical noise degrade the solution quality, so it is difficult to maintain applicability for large-scale problems.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-18 Hiromichi Matsuyama , Yu Yamashiro

A key open question in quantum computing is whether quantum algorithms can potentially offer a significant advantage over classical algorithms for tasks of practical interest. Understanding the limits of classical computing in simulating…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-23 Matija Medvidovic , Giuseppe Carleo

Variational quantum algorithms dominate contemporary gate-based quantum enhanced optimisation, eigenvalue estimation and machine learning. Here we establish the quantum computational universality of variational quantum computation by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-25 Jacob Biamonte

Imaginary-time evolution has been shown to be a promising framework for tackling combinatorial optimization problems on quantum hardware. In this work, we propose a classical quantum-inspired strategy for solving combinatorial optimization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-05 Erik M. Åsgrim , Ahsan Javed Awan

Hybrid quantum-classical algorithms such as the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) are considered one of the most promising approaches for leveraging near-term quantum computers for practical applications. Such algorithms are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-16 Ruslan Shaydulin , Ilya Safro , Jeffrey Larson

Through recent progress in hardware development, quantum computers have advanced to the point where benchmarking of (heuristic) quantum algorithms at scale is within reach. Particularly in combinatorial optimization - where most algorithms…

Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) is a broad class of optimization problems with many practical applications. To solve its hard instances in an exact way, known classical algorithms require exponential time and several…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-21 Gian Giacomo Guerreschi

The intractability of deterministic solutions in solving $\mathcal{NP}$-Hard Combinatorial Optimisation Problems (COP) is well reported in the literature. One mechanism for overcoming this difficulty has been the use of efficient COP…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-25 Maxine T. Khumalo , Hazel A. Chieza , Krupa Prag , Matthew Woolway