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Recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable performance on standard medical benchmarks, yet their true clinical reasoning ability remains unclear. Existing datasets predominantly emphasize classification…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Miao Jing , Mengting Jia , Junling Lin , Zhongxia Shen , Huan Gao , Mingkun Xu , Shangyang Li

Large language models have shown impressive results for multi-hop mathematical reasoning when the input question is only textual. Many mathematical reasoning problems, however, contain both text and image. With the ever-increasing adoption…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Mehran Kazemi , Hamidreza Alvari , Ankit Anand , Jialin Wu , Xi Chen , Radu Soricut

With enhanced capabilities and widespread applications, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are increasingly required to process and reason over multiple images simultaneously. However, existing MLLM benchmarks focus either on…

Vision-language models (VLMs) have shown strong promise for medical image analysis, but most remain opaque, offering predictions without the transparent, stepwise reasoning clinicians rely on. We present a framework that brings…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Andriy Myronenko , Dong Yang , Baris Turkbey , Mariam Aboian , Sena Azamat , Esra Akcicek , Hongxu Yin , Pavlo Molchanov , Marc Edgar , Yufan He , Pengfei Guo , Yucheng Tang , Daguang Xu

Multimodal large language models often struggle with faithful reasoning in complex visual scenes, where intricate entities and relations require precise visual grounding at each step. This reasoning unfaithfulness frequently manifests as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Chuhan Wang , Xintong Li , Jennifer Yuntong Zhang , Junda Wu , Chengkai Huang , Lina Yao , Julian McAuley , Jingbo Shang

Recently, reasoning-based MLLMs have achieved a degree of success in generating long-form textual reasoning chains. However, they still struggle with complex tasks that necessitate dynamic and iterative focusing on and revisiting of visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Chaoya Jiang , Yongrui Heng , Wei Ye , Han Yang , Haiyang Xu , Ming Yan , Ji Zhang , Fei Huang , Shikun Zhang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have showcased exceptional Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning ability in complex textual inference tasks including causal reasoning. However, will these causalities remain straightforward when crucial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Zhiyuan Li , Heng Wang , Dongnan Liu , Chaoyi Zhang , Ao Ma , Jieting Long , Weidong Cai

Models like OpenAI-o3 pioneer visual grounded reasoning by dynamically referencing visual regions, just like human "thinking with images". However, no benchmark exists to evaluate these capabilities holistically. To bridge this gap, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Haochen Wang , Xiangtai Li , Zilong Huang , Anran Wang , Jiacong Wang , Tao Zhang , Jiani Zheng , Sule Bai , Zijian Kang , Jiashi Feng , Zhuochen Wang , Zhaoxiang Zhang

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have excelled in textual reasoning, they struggle with mathematical domains like geometry that intrinsically rely on visual aids. Existing approaches to Visual Chain-of-Thought (VCoT) are often limited by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Weikang Shi , Aldrich Yu , Rongyao Fang , Houxing Ren , Ke Wang , Aojun Zhou , Changyao Tian , Xinyu Fu , Yuxuan Hu , Zimu Lu , Linjiang Huang , Si Liu , Rui Liu , Hongsheng Li

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have advanced the integration of visual and linguistic modalities, establishing themselves as the dominant paradigm for visual-language tasks. Current approaches like chain of thought (CoT) reasoning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Haojie Zheng , Tianyang Xu , Hanchi Sun , Shu Pu , Ruoxi Chen , Lichao Sun

Entity state tracking is a necessary component of world modeling that requires maintaining coherent representations of entities over time. Previous work has benchmarked entity tracking performance in purely text-based tasks. We introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Vanya Cohen , Raymond Mooney

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning enhances performance of large language models, but questions remain about whether these reasoning traces faithfully reflect the internal processes of the model. We present the first comprehensive study of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Sriram Balasubramanian , Samyadeep Basu , Soheil Feizi

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) excel at reasoning in linguistic space but struggle with perceptual understanding that requires dense visual perception, e.g., spatial reasoning and geometric awareness. This limitation stems from the fact that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Yiming Qin , Bomin Wei , Jiaxin Ge , Konstantinos Kallidromitis , Stephanie Fu , Trevor Darrell , XuDong Wang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) excel at recognizing individual visual elements and reasoning over simple linear diagrams. However, when faced with complex topological structures involving branching paths, converging flows, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Qiang Xu , Shengyuan Bai , Yu Wang , He Cao , Leqing Chen , Yuanyuan Liu , Bin Feng , Zijing Liu , Yu Li

Recent breakthroughs in reasoning language models have significantly advanced text-based reasoning. On the other hand, Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) still lag behind, hindered by their outdated internal LLMs. Upgrading these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yunhao Gou , Kai Chen , Zhili Liu , Lanqing Hong , Xin Jin , Zhenguo Li , James T. Kwok , Yu Zhang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have made rapid progress in perception, understanding, and reasoning, yet existing benchmarks fall short in evaluating these abilities under continuous and dynamic real-world video streams. Such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Shuhang Xun , Sicheng Tao , Jungang Li , Yibo Shi , Zhixin Lin , Zhanhui Zhu , Yibo Yan , Hanqian Li , Linghao Zhang , Shikang Wang , Yixin Liu , Hanbo Zhang , Ying Ma , Xuming Hu

Although Vision Language Models (VLMs) exhibit strong perceptual abilities and impressive visual reasoning, they struggle with attention to detail and precise action planning in complex, dynamic environments, leading to subpar performance.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Xinrun Xu , Pi Bu , Ye Wang , Börje F. Karlsson , Ziming Wang , Tengtao Song , Qi Zhu , Jun Song , Zhiming Ding , Bo Zheng

Recent multimodal large language models (MLLMs) increasingly rely on visual chain-of-thought to perform region-grounded reasoning over images. However, existing approaches ground regions via either textified coordinates-causing modality…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Kesen Zhao , Beier Zhu , Junbao Zhou , Xingyu Zhu , Zhongqi Yue , Hanwang Zhang

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) struggle with puzzles, which require precise perception, rule comprehension, and logical reasoning. Assessing and enhancing their performance in this domain is crucial, as it reflects their ability to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Yufan Ren , Konstantinos Tertikas , Shalini Maiti , Junlin Han , Tong Zhang , Sabine Süsstrunk , Filippos Kokkinos

Process-supervised reward models serve as a fine-grained function that provides detailed step-wise feedback to model responses, facilitating effective selection of reasoning trajectories for complex tasks. Despite its advantages, evaluation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Haoqin Tu , Weitao Feng , Hardy Chen , Hui Liu , Xianfeng Tang , Cihang Xie