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We present and experimentally demonstrate a novel approach to verification and benchmarking of quantum computing, implementing it on an ion-trap quantum computer. Unlike previous information-theoretically secure verification protocols,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-06 Cica Gustiani , Dominik Leichtle , Daniel Mills , Jonathan Miller , Ross Grassie , Elham Kashefi

The position of a device or agent is an important security credential in today's society, both online and in the real world. Unless in direct proximity, however, the secure verification of a position is impossible without further…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-24 Andreas Bluhm , Matthias Christandl , Florian Speelman

In this work, we study the hardness required to achieve proofs of quantumness (PoQ), which in turn capture (potentially interactive) quantum advantage. A ``trivial'' PoQ is to simply assume an average-case hard problem for classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-10 Kabir Tomer , Mark Zhandry

We present two protocols for classical verification of quantum depth. Our protocols allow a purely classical verifier to distinguish devices with different quantum circuit depths even in the presence of classical computation. We show that a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-11 Nai-Hui Chia , Shih-Han Hung

Classical verification of quantum learning allows classical clients to reliably leverage quantum computing advantages by interacting with untrusted quantum servers. Yet, current quantum devices available in practice suffers from a variety…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-15 Yinghao Ma , Jiaxi Su , Dong-Ling Deng

We consider a new model for the testing of untrusted quantum devices, consisting of a single polynomial-time bounded quantum device interacting with a classical polynomial-time verifier. In this model we propose solutions to two tasks - a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-06 Zvika Brakerski , Paul Christiano , Urmila Mahadev , Umesh Vazirani , Thomas Vidick

Quantum memory systems are vital in quantum information processing for dependable storage and retrieval of quantum states. Inspired by classical reliability theories that synthesize reliable computing systems from unreliable components, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-10 Anuj K. Nayak , Eric Chitambar , Lav R. Varshney

In this paper, we extend the protocol of classical verification of quantum computations (CVQC) recently proposed by Mahadev to make the verification efficient. Our result is obtained in the following three steps: $\bullet$ We show that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-16 Nai-Hui Chia , Kai-Min Chung , Takashi Yamakawa

We present an accreditation protocol for the outputs of noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices. By testing entire circuits rather than individual gates, our accreditation protocol can provide an upper-bound on the variation distance…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-21 Samuele Ferracin , Theodoros Kapourniotis , Animesh Datta

Quantum memory -- the capacity to store and faithfully recover unknown quantum states -- is essential for quantum-enhanced technology. There is thus a pressing need for operationally meaningful means to benchmark candidate memories across…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-23 Xiao Yuan , Yunchao Liu , Qi Zhao , Bartosz Regula , Jayne Thompson , Mile Gu

The round complexity of interactive proof systems is a key question of practical and theoretical relevance in complexity theory and cryptography. Moreover, results such as QIP = QIP(3) (STOC'00) show that quantum resources significantly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-29 Alex B. Grilo , Philippe Lamontagne

We demonstrate quantum advantage with several basic assumptions, specifically based on only the existence of OWFs. We introduce inefficient-verifier proofs of quantumness (IV-PoQ), and construct it from classical bit commitments. IV-PoQ is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-24 Tomoyuki Morimae , Takashi Yamakawa

Benchmarking quantum computers often deals with the parameters of single qubits or gates and sometimes deals with algorithms run on an entire chip or a noisy simulator of a chip. Here we propose the idea of using protocols to benchmark…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-27 Dekel Meirom , Tal Mor , Yossi Weinstein

Quantum inspired protocols e.g. [AAV13,AG17] attempt to achieve a single-prover interactive protocol where a classical machine can verify quantum computations in an information-theoretically secure manner. We define a family of protocols…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-14 Ayal Green

We present a method to test quantum behavior of quantum information processing devices, such as quantum memories, teleportation devices, channels and quantum key distribution protocols. The test of quantum behavior can be phrased as the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-03-07 Hauke Häseler , Tobias Moroder , Norbert Lütkenhaus

Certifying quantum behavior from classically accessible data is essential for secure communication and scalable quantum technologies. While powerful certification methods such as Bell nonlocality and quantum steering exist, their…

Quantum memories are key components of emerging quantum technologies. They are designed to store quantum states and retrieve them on demand without losing features such as superposition and entanglement. Verifying that a memory preserves…

Quantum Information Processing, which is an exciting area of research at the intersection of physics and computer science, has great potential for influencing the future development of information processing systems. The building of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-11-06 Jaap Boender , Florian Kammüller , Rajagopal Nagarajan

The rapid advancement of quantum hardware necessitates the development of reliable methods to certify its correct functioning. However, existing certification tests fall short, as they either suffer from systematic errors or do not…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-13 Jan Nöller , Nikolai Miklin , Martin Kliesch , Mariami Gachechiladze

The realization of devices which harness the laws of quantum mechanics represents an exciting challenge at the interface of modern technology and fundamental science. An exemplary paragon of the power of such quantum primitives is the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-11-21 Fernando Pastawski , Norman Y. Yao , Liang Jiang , Mikhail D. Lukin , J. Ignacio Cirac