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Despite notable advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), most state-of-the-art models have not undergone thorough alignment with human preferences. This gap exists because current alignment research has primarily achieved…

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) highlight the need to align their behaviors with human values. A critical, yet understudied, issue is the potential divergence between an LLM's stated preferences (its reported alignment with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Zhuojun Gu , Quan Wang , Shuchu Han

Human feedback is increasingly used to steer the behaviours of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, it is unclear how to collect and incorporate feedback in a way that is efficient, effective and unbiased, especially for highly subjective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Hannah Rose Kirk , Andrew M. Bean , Bertie Vidgen , Paul Röttger , Scott A. Hale

Multimodal reward models (MRMs) play a crucial role in aligning Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) with human preferences. Training a good MRM requires high-quality multimodal preference data. However, existing preference datasets…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Zhihong Zhang , Jie Zhao , Xiaojian Huang , Jin Xu , Zhuodong Luo , Xin Liu , Jiansheng Wei , Xuejin Chen

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have gained significant attention recently, showing remarkable potential in artificial general intelligence. However, assessing the utility of MLLMs presents considerable challenges, primarily due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Dongping Chen , Ruoxi Chen , Shilin Zhang , Yinuo Liu , Yaochen Wang , Huichi Zhou , Qihui Zhang , Yao Wan , Pan Zhou , Lichao Sun

Faces and humans are crucial elements in social interaction and are widely included in everyday photos and videos. Therefore, a deep understanding of faces and humans will enable multi-modal assistants to achieve improved response quality…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Lixiong Qin , Shilong Ou , Miaoxuan Zhang , Jiangning Wei , Yuhang Zhang , Xiaoshuai Song , Yuchen Liu , Mei Wang , Weiran Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit remarkably powerful capabilities. One of the crucial factors to achieve success is aligning the LLM's output with human preferences. This alignment process often requires only a small amount of data to…

Recent advancements in Artificial Intelligence have led to the development of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). However, adapting these pre-trained models to dynamic data distributions and various tasks efficiently remains a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Yukang Huo , Hao Tang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly reshaping machine translation (MT), particularly by introducing instruction-following, in-context learning, and preference-based alignment into what has traditionally been a supervised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Baban Gain , Dibyanayan Bandyopadhyay , Asif Ekbal , Trilok Nath Singh

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have substantially improved single-turn task performance, yet real-world applications increasingly demand sophisticated multi-turn interactions. This survey provides a comprehensive review of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yubo Li , Xiaobin Shen , Yidi Miao , Xinyu Yao , Xueying Ding , Ramayya Krishnan , Rema Padman

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated significant advances in visual understanding tasks. However, their capacity to comprehend human-centric scenes has rarely been explored, primarily due to the absence of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Yuansen Liu , Haiming Tang , Jinlong Peng , Jiangning Zhang , Xiaozhong Ji , Qingdong He , Wenbin Wu , Donghao Luo , Zhenye Gan , Junwei Zhu , Yunhang Shen , Chaoyou Fu , Chengjie Wang , Xiaobin Hu , Shuicheng Yan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated their capabilities across various tasks, from language translation to complex reasoning. Understanding and predicting human behavior and biases are crucial for artificial intelligence (AI)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Thuy Ngoc Nguyen , Kasturi Jamale , Cleotilde Gonzalez

Simultaneous Machine Translation (SiMT) generates translations while receiving streaming source inputs. This requires the SiMT model to learn a read/write policy, deciding when to translate and when to wait for more source input. Numerous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Donglei Yu , Yang Zhao , Jie Zhu , Yangyifan Xu , Yu Zhou , Chengqing Zong

Multi-view understanding, the ability to reconcile visual information across diverse viewpoints for effective navigation, manipulation, and 3D scene comprehension, is a fundamental challenge in Multi-Modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Chun-Hsiao Yeh , Chenyu Wang , Shengbang Tong , Ta-Ying Cheng , Ruoyu Wang , Tianzhe Chu , Yuexiang Zhai , Yubei Chen , Shenghua Gao , Yi Ma

Large Language Models are typically trained with next-turn rewards, limiting their ability to optimize for long-term interaction. As a result, they often respond passively to ambiguous or open-ended user requests, failing to help users…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Shirley Wu , Michel Galley , Baolin Peng , Hao Cheng , Gavin Li , Yao Dou , Weixin Cai , James Zou , Jure Leskovec , Jianfeng Gao

Our interest is in the design of software systems involving a human-expert interacting -- using natural language -- with a large language model (LLM) on data analysis tasks. For complex problems, it is possible that LLMs can harness human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Harshvardhan Mestha , Karan Bania , Shreyas V Sathyanarayana , Sidong Liu , Ashwin Srinivasan

Supportive conversation depends on skills that go beyond language fluency, including reading emotions, adjusting tone, and navigating moments of resistance, frustration, or distress. Despite rapid progress in language models, we still lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Laya Iyer , Kriti Aggarwal , Sanmi Koyejo , Gail Heyman , Desmond C. Ong , Subhabrata Mukherjee

Real-time duplex interaction is essential for multimodal AI systems operating in real-world scenarios, where models must continuously process streaming inputs and respond at appropriate moments. However, most existing multimodal large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Chaoqun He , Mingyang Xiang , Yingjing Xu , Bokai Xu , Junbo Cui , Jie Zhou , Yuan Yao , Lijie Wen

The rapid advancement of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has ignited discussions regarding their potential to surpass human performance in multimodal tasks. In response, we introduce MANBench (Multimodal Ability Norms Benchmark), a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Han Zhou , Qitong Xu , Yiheng Dong , Xin Yang

Human feedback is crucial in the interactions between humans and Large Language Models (LLMs). However, existing research primarily focuses on benchmarking LLMs in single-turn dialogues. Even in benchmarks designed for multi-turn dialogues,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Youquan Li , Miao Zheng , Fan Yang , Guosheng Dong , Bin Cui , Weipeng Chen , Zenan Zhou , Wentao Zhang