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Pooling is a crucial operation in computer vision, yet the unique structure of skeletons hinders the application of existing pooling strategies to skeleton graph modelling. In this paper, we propose an Improved Graph Pooling Network,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Cong Wu , Xiao-Jun Wu , Tianyang Xu , Josef Kittler

An appropriate choice of the activation function (like ReLU, sigmoid or swish) plays an important role in the performance of (deep) multilayer perceptrons (MLP) for classification and regression learning. Prototype-based classification…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-21 Thomas Villmann , John Ravichandran , Andrea Villmann , David Nebel , Marika Kaden

The application of the deep learning model in classification plays an important role in the accurate detection of the target objects. However, the accuracy is affected by the activation function in the hidden and output layer. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Md. Mehedi Hasan , Md. Ali Hossain , Azmain Yakin Srizon , Abu Sayeed

This paper provides an analysis of state-of-the-art activation functions with respect to supervised classification of deep neural network. These activation functions comprise of Rectified Linear Units (ReLU), Exponential Linear Unit (ELU),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-07 Anh Nguyen , Khoa Pham , Dat Ngo , Thanh Ngo , Lam Pham

Digital twins of complex physical systems are expected to infer unobserved states from sparse measurements and predict their evolution in time, yet these two functions are typically treated as separate tasks. Here we present GLU, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Linzheng Wang , Jason Chen , Nicolas Tricard , Zituo Chen , Sili Deng

We present a Statistical Mechanics (SM) model of deep neural networks, connecting the energy-based and the feed forward networks (FFN) approach. We infer that FFN can be understood as performing three basic steps: encoding, representation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-07 Mirco Milletarí , Thiparat Chotibut , Paolo E. Trevisanutto

Supervised contrastive loss (SCL) is a competitive and often superior alternative to the cross-entropy loss for classification. While prior studies have demonstrated that both losses yield symmetric training representations under balanced…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Ganesh Ramachandra Kini , Vala Vakilian , Tina Behnia , Jaidev Gill , Christos Thrampoulidis

Advancements in deep learning are revolutionizing science and engineering. The immense success of deep learning is largely due to its ability to extract essential high-dimensional (HD) features from input data and make inference decisions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Md Tauhidul Islam , Lei Xing

Deep learning training training algorithms are a huge success in recent years in many fields including speech, text,image video etc. Deeper and deeper layers are proposed with huge success with resnet structures having around 152 layers.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Chinmay Rane , Kanishka Tyagi , Michael Manry

We propose the Hyperbolic Tangent Exponential Linear Unit (TeLU), a neural network hidden activation function defined as TeLU(x)=xtanh(exp(x)). TeLU's design is grounded in the core principles of key activation functions, achieving strong…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Alfredo Fernandez , Ankur Mali

The existing deep learning fusion methods mainly concentrate on the convolutional neural networks, and few attempts are made with transformer. Meanwhile, the convolutional operation is a content-independent interaction between the image and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Zhishe Wang , Yanlin Chen , Wenyu Shao , Hui Li , Lei Zhang

The paper briefy reviews several recent results on hierarchical architectures for learning from examples, that may formally explain the conditions under which Deep Convolutional Neural Networks perform much better in function approximation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-08-12 Hrushikesh Mhaskar , Tomaso Poggio

We introduce stochastic activations. This novel strategy randomly selects between several non-linear functions in the feed-forward layer of a large language model. In particular, we choose between SILU or RELU depending on a Bernoulli draw.…

Activation function is crucial to the recent successes of deep neural networks. In this paper, we first propose a new activation function, Multiple Parametric Exponential Linear Units (MPELU), aiming to generalize and unify the rectified…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-01-18 Yang Li , Chunxiao Fan , Yong Li , Qiong Wu , Yue Ming

In this paper we prove that Local (S)GD (or FedAvg) can optimize deep neural networks with Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) activation function in polynomial time. Despite the established convergence theory of Local SGD on optimizing general…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-23 Yuyang Deng , Mohammad Mahdi Kamani , Mehrdad Mahdavi

A pivotal aspect in the design of neural networks lies in selecting activation functions, crucial for introducing nonlinear structures that capture intricate input-output patterns. While the effectiveness of adaptive or trainable activation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Farhad Pourkamali-Anaraki , Tahamina Nasrin , Robert E. Jensen , Amy M. Peterson , Christopher J. Hansen

Mixup style data augmentation algorithms have been widely adopted in various tasks as implicit network regularization on representation learning to improve model generalization, which can be achieved by a linear interpolation of labeled…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Kangjun Liu , Ke Chen , Lihua Guo , Yaowei Wang , Kui Jia

Our work proposes a novel approach to designing activation functions by focusing on their gradients and deriving the corresponding activation functions using integration. We introduce the Expanded Integral of the Exponential Linear Unit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Allen Hao Huang , Imanol Schlag

Deep learning is a rapidly developing approach in the field of infrared and visible image fusion. In this context, the use of dense blocks in deep networks significantly improves the utilization of shallow information, and the combination…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-27 Yu Fu , Xiao-Jun Wu

`Biologically inspired' activation functions, such as the logistic sigmoid, have been instrumental in the historical advancement of machine learning. However in the field of deep learning, they have been largely displaced by rectified…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-05-21 Gardave S Bhumbra