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Token representation strategies within large-scale neural architectures often rely on contextually refined embeddings, yet conventional approaches seldom encode structured relationships explicitly within token interactions. Self-attention…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-27 James Blades , Frederick Somerfield , William Langley , Susan Everingham , Maurice Witherington

Benefitting from large-scale training datasets and the complex training network, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are widely applied in various fields with high accuracy. However, the training process of CNNs is very time-consuming,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-26 Jianguo Chen , Kenli Li , Kashif Bilal , Xu Zhou , Keqin Li , Philip S. Yu

Despite advances in reinforcement learning (RL)-based video reasoning with large language models (LLMs), data collection and fine-tuning remain significant challenges. These methods often rely on large-scale supervised fine-tuning (SFT)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Ziyang Wang , Jaehong Yoon , Shoubin Yu , Md Mohaiminul Islam , Gedas Bertasius , Mohit Bansal

Knowledge Tracing (KT) is a core component of Intelligent Tutoring Systems, modeling learners' knowledge state to predict future performance and provide personalized learning support. Traditional KT models assume that learners' learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yiyun Zhou , Zheqi Lv , Shengyu Zhang , Jingyuan Chen

With the emergence of neural audio codecs, which encode multiple streams of discrete tokens from audio, large language models have recently gained attention as a promising approach for zero-shot Text-to-Speech (TTS) synthesis. Despite the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-04 Jaehyeon Kim , Keon Lee , Seungjun Chung , Jaewoong Cho

Consistency models are a new family of generative models capable of producing high-quality samples in either a single step or multiple steps. Recently, consistency models have demonstrated impressive performance, achieving results on par…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Quan Dao , Khanh Doan , Di Liu , Trung Le , Dimitris Metaxas

Large language models (LLMs) are trained for downstream tasks by updating their parameters (e.g., via RL). However, updating parameters forces them to absorb task-specific information, which can result in catastrophic forgetting and loss of…

Recent approaches to real-time long video generation typically employ streaming tuning strategies, attempting to train a long-context student using a short-context (memoryless) teacher. In these frameworks, the student performs long…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Shuo Chen , Cong Wei , Sun Sun , Ping Nie , Kai Zhou , Ge Zhang , Ming-Hsuan Yang , Wenhu Chen

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit in-context learning abilities which enable the same model to perform several tasks without any task-specific training. In contrast, traditional adaptation approaches, such as fine-tuning, modify the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Kush Bhatia , Avanika Narayan , Christopher De Sa , Christopher Ré

Long-context capabilities are essential for a wide range of applications, including document and video understanding, in-context learning, and inference-time scaling, all of which require models to process and reason over long sequences of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Chejian Xu , Wei Ping , Peng Xu , Zihan Liu , Boxin Wang , Mohammad Shoeybi , Bo Li , Bryan Catanzaro

Test-Time Scaling (TTS) has proven effective in improving the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) during inference. However, existing research has overlooked the efficiency of TTS from a latency-sensitive perspective. Through a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Zili Wang , Tianyu Zhang , Haoli Bai , Lu Hou , Xianzhi Yu , Wulong Liu , Shiming Xiang , Lei Zhu

Temporal repetition counting aims to estimate the number of cycles of a given repetitive action. Existing deep learning methods assume repetitive actions are performed in a fixed time-scale, which is invalid for the complex repetitive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Huaidong Zhang , Xuemiao Xu , Guoqiang Han , Shengfeng He

The objective of this paper is a temporal alignment network that ingests long term video sequences, and associated text sentences, in order to: (1) determine if a sentence is alignable with the video; and (2) if it is alignable, then…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-07 Tengda Han , Weidi Xie , Andrew Zisserman

Transformers suffer from a high computational cost that grows with sequence length for self-attention, making inference in long streams prohibited by memory consumption. Constant-memory alternatives such as RNNs and SSMs compress history…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Zhixin Zhang , Shabo Zhang , Chengcan Wu , Zeming Wei , Meng Sun

Large language models (LLM) have prioritized expanding the context window from which models can incorporate more information. However, training models to handle long contexts presents significant challenges. These include the scarcity of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Junfeng Tian , Da Zheng , Yang Cheng , Rui Wang , Colin Zhang , Debing Zhang

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in short video understanding tasks but face great challenges when applied to long video understanding. In contrast, Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit outstanding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Hongchen Wei , Zhenzhong Chen

Video large language models have achieved remarkable performance in tasks such as video question answering, however, their temporal understanding remains suboptimal. To address this limitation, we curate a dedicated instruction fine-tuning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Yunxiao Wang , Meng Liu , Wenqi Liu , Xuemeng Song , Bin Wen , Fan Yang , Tingting Gao , Di Zhang , Guorui Zhou , Liqiang Nie

Test-time scaling improves the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) by allocating extra compute to generate longer Chains-of-Thoughts (CoTs). This enables models to tackle more complex problem by breaking them down into…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Adel Javanmard , Baharan Mirzasoleiman , Vahab Mirrokni

Fine-tuning on task-specific question-answer pairs is a predominant method for enhancing the performance of instruction-tuned large language models (LLMs) on downstream tasks. However, in certain specialized domains, such as healthcare or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Shuyang Jiang , Yusheng Liao , Ya Zhang , Yanfeng Wang , Yu Wang

Generalizing deep learning models to unknown target domain distribution with low latency has motivated research into test-time training/adaptation (TTT/TTA). Existing approaches often focus on improving test-time training performance under…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Yushu Li , Xun Xu , Yongyi Su , Kui Jia
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