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Deep Neural Network (DNN) models are usually trained sequentially from one layer to another, which causes forward, backward and update locking's problems, leading to poor performance in terms of training time. The existing parallel…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-07-25 Samson B. Akintoye , Liangxiu Han , Huw Lloyd , Xin Zhang , Darren Dancey , Haoming Chen , Daoqiang Zhang

Fine-tuning pre-trained language models, particularly large language models, demands extensive computing resources and can result in varying performance outcomes across different domains and datasets. This paper examines the approach of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Guodong Du , Jing Li , Hanting Liu , Runhua Jiang , Shuyang Yu , Yifei Guo , Sim Kuan Goh , Ho-Kin Tang

General-purpose text embedding models underpin a wide range of NLP and information retrieval applications, and are typically trained on large-scale multi-task corpora to encourage broad generalization. However, it remains unclear how…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Hengran Zhang , Keping Bi , Jiafeng Guo , Jiaming Zhang , Wenbo Yang , Daiting Shi , Xueqi Cheng

Parameter efficient finetuning (PEFT) methods are widely used in LLMs and generative models in computer vision. Especially one can use multiple of these during inference to change the behavior of the base model. In this paper we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Ege Kesim , Selahattin Serdar Helli

Recent advances in large language models have led to numerous task-specialized fine-tuned variants, creating a need for efficient model merging techniques that preserve specialized capabilities while avoiding costly retraining. While…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Shuqi Liu , Han Wu , Bowei He , Xiongwei Han , Mingxuan Yuan , Linqi Song

Large Language Models (LLMs) require continuous updates to maintain accurate and current knowledge as the world evolves. While existing knowledge editing approaches offer various solutions for knowledge updating, they often struggle with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Zichuan Fu , Xian Wu , Guojing Li , Yingying Zhang , Yefeng Zheng , Tianshi Ming , Yejing Wang , Wanyu Wang , Xiangyu Zhao

Approximate unlearning has gained popularity as an approach to efficiently update an LLM so that it behaves (roughly) as if it was not trained on a subset of data to begin with. However, existing methods are brittle in practice and can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Kevin Kuo , Amrith Setlur , Kartik Srinivas , Aditi Raghunathan , Virginia Smith

Large pre-trained models have enabled significant advances in machine learning and served as foundation components. Model fusion methods, such as task arithmetic, have been proven to be powerful and scalable to incorporate fine-tuned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Anke Tang , Li Shen , Yong Luo , Yibing Zhan , Han Hu , Bo Du , Yixin Chen , Dacheng Tao

Model merging provides a way of cheaply combining individual models to produce a model that inherits each individual's capabilities. While some merging methods can approach the performance of multitask training, they are often heuristically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Marawan Gamal Abdel Hameed , Derek Tam , Pascal Jr Tikeng Notsawo , Colin Raffel , Guillaume Rabusseau

The advent of large language models (LLMs) like GPT-4 has catalyzed the exploration of multi-task learning (MTL), in which a single model demonstrates proficiency across diverse tasks. Task arithmetic has emerged as a cost-effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Yuyan Zhou , Liang Song , Bingning Wang , Weipeng Chen

Multi-task learning (MTL) aims to enhance the performance and efficiency of machine learning models by simultaneously training them on multiple tasks. However, MTL research faces two challenges: 1) effectively modeling the relationships…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Danwei Li , Zhengyu Zhang , Siyang Yuan , Mingze Gao , Weilin Zhang , Chaofei Yang , Xi Liu , Jiyan Yang

Model merging aims to combine multiple task-specific expert models into a single model while preserving generalization across diverse tasks. However, interference among experts, especially when they are trained on different objectives,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Bo Xu , Haotian Wu , Hehai Lin , Weiquan Huang , Beier Zhu , Yao Shu , Chengwei Qin

Fine-tuning pre-trained models on targeted datasets enhances task-specific performance but often comes at the expense of generalization. Model merging techniques, which integrate multiple fine-tuned models into a single multi-task model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Zitao Fang , Guodong DU , Shuyang Yu , Yifei Guo , Yiwei Zhang , Yiyao Cao , Jing Li , Ho-Kin Tang , Sim Kuan Goh

With the rapid growth of deep learning, there is an increasing availability of open-source models for various tasks. However, single fine-tuned models often fall short of meeting the diverse needs of users. Model merging has thus emerged as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Shenghe Zheng , Hongzhi Wang

The escalating scale of Large Language Models (LLMs) necessitates efficient adaptation techniques. Model merging has gained prominence for its efficiency and controllability. However, existing merging techniques typically serve as post-hoc…

Integrating knowledge across different domains is an essential feature of human learning. Learning paradigms such as transfer learning, meta-learning, and multi-task learning reflect the human learning process by exploiting the prior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Richa Upadhyay , Ronald Phlypo , Rajkumar Saini , Marcus Liwicki

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have achieved remarkable success in a wide range of multimodal tasks by integrating pre-trained vision encoders and large language models. However, current LVLMs primarily rely on visual features…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Xu Li , Yi Zheng , Haotian Chen , Xiaolei Chen , Yuxuan Liang , Chenghang Lai , Bin Li , Xiangyang Xue

Upon the significant performance of the supervised deep neural networks, conventional procedures of developing ML system are \textit{task-centric}, which aims to maximize the task accuracy. However, we scrutinized this \textit{task-centric}…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Kyung Ho Park , Hyunhee Chung , Soonwoo Kwon

The proliferation of pre-trained models has given rise to a wide array of specialised, fine-tuned models. Model merging aims to merge the distinct capabilities of these specialised models into a unified model, requiring minimal or even no…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Yayuan Li , Jian Zhang , Jintao Guo , Zihan Cheng , Lei Qi , Yinghuan Shi , Yang Gao

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable promise but remain challenging to continually improve through traditional finetuning, particularly when integrating capabilities from other specialized LLMs. Popular methods like ensemble…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Zhenglun Kong , Zheng Zhan , Shiyue Hou , Yifan Gong , Xin Meng , Pengwei Sui , Peiyan Dong , Xuan Shen , Zifeng Wang , Pu Zhao , Hao Tang , Stratis Ioannidis , Yanzhi Wang