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End-to-end autonomous driving (E2E-AD) demands effective processing of multi-view sensory data and robust handling of diverse and complex driving scenarios, particularly rare maneuvers such as aggressive turns. Recent success of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Zhenjie Yang , Yilin Chai , Xiaosong Jia , Qifeng Li , Yuqian Shao , Xuekai Zhu , Haisheng Su , Junchi Yan

The recent success of specialized Large Language Models (LLMs) in domains such as mathematical reasoning and coding has led to growing interest in methods for merging these expert LLMs into a unified Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) model, with the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Yuhang Zhou , Giannis Karamanolakis , Victor Soto , Anna Rumshisky , Mayank Kulkarni , Furong Huang , Wei Ai , Jianhua Lu

Empowering Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) with image generation often leads to catastrophic forgetting in understanding tasks due to severe gradient conflicts. While existing paradigms like Mixture-of-Transformers (MoT) mitigate this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Xiangyue Liu , Zijian Zhang , Miles Yang , Zhao Zhong , Liefeng Bo , Ping Tan

Scaling up the number of parameters of language models has proven to be an effective approach to improve performance. For dense models, increasing model size proportionally increases the model's computation footprint. In this work, we seek…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Cicero Nogueira dos Santos , James Lee-Thorp , Isaac Noble , Chung-Ching Chang , David Uthus

A sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture has emerged as a highly scalable solution by conditionally activating sub-modules without a proportional increase in computational costs. However, improving expert specialization to enhance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Sugyeong Eo , Jungjun Lee , Chanjun Park , Heuiseok Lim

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures face challenges such as high memory consumption and redundancy in experts. Pruning MoE can reduce network weights while maintaining model performance. Motivated by the recent observation of emergent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Yanyue Xie , Zhi Zhang , Ding Zhou , Cong Xie , Ziang Song , Xin Liu , Yanzhi Wang , Xue Lin , An Xu

Sparsely-gated mixture-of-experts (MoE) has been widely adopted to scale deep learning models to trillion-plus parameters with fixed computational cost. The algorithmic performance of MoE relies on its token routing mechanism that forwards…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Changho Hwang , Wei Cui , Yifan Xiong , Ziyue Yang , Ze Liu , Han Hu , Zilong Wang , Rafael Salas , Jithin Jose , Prabhat Ram , Joe Chau , Peng Cheng , Fan Yang , Mao Yang , Yongqiang Xiong

Mixture of Experts (MoE) has emerged as a promising paradigm for scaling model capacity while preserving computational efficiency, particularly in large-scale machine learning architectures such as large language models (LLMs). Recent…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Yunting Xu , Jiacheng Wang , Ruichen Zhang , Changyuan Zhao , Dusit Niyato , Jiawen Kang , Zehui Xiong , Bo Qian , Haibo Zhou , Shiwen Mao , Abbas Jamalipour , Xuemin Shen , Dong In Kim

Mixture of Experts (MoE) models enable parameter-efficient scaling through sparse expert activations, yet optimizing their inference and memory costs remains challenging due to limited understanding of their specialization behavior. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Marmik Chaudhari , Idhant Gulati , Nishkal Hundia , Pranav Karra , Shivam Raval

Recently, the Mixture of Expert (MoE) architecture, such as LR-MoE, is often used to alleviate the impact of language confusion on the multilingual ASR (MASR) task. However, it still faces language confusion issues, especially in mismatched…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Guodong Ma , Wenxuan Wang , Lifeng Zhou , Yuting Yang , Yuke Li , Binbin Du

Training large language models (LLMs) for different inference constraints is computationally expensive, limiting control over efficiency-accuracy trade-offs. Moreover, once trained, these models typically process tokens uniformly,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Kumari Nishu , Sachin Mehta , Samira Abnar , Mehrdad Farajtabar , Maxwell Horton , Mahyar Najibi , Moin Nabi , Minsik Cho , Devang Naik

Modern applications increasingly involve many heterogeneous input streams, such as clinical sensors, wearable device data, imaging, and text, each with distinct measurement models, sampling rates, and noise characteristics. We define this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Xing Han , Hsing-Huan Chung , Joydeep Ghosh , Paul Pu Liang , Suchi Saria

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture has become increasingly popular as a method to scale up large language models (LLMs). To save costs, heterogeneity-aware training solutions have been proposed to utilize GPU clusters made up of both…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Yongji Wu , Xueshen Liu , Shuowei Jin , Ceyu Xu , Feng Qian , Z. Morley Mao , Matthew Lentz , Danyang Zhuo , Ion Stoica

Mixture of Experts (MoEs) have become a central component of many state-of-the-art open-source and proprietary large language models. Despite their widespread adoption, it remains unclear how close existing MoE architectures are to optimal…

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures are evolving towards finer granularity to improve parameter efficiency. However, existing MoE designs face an inherent trade-off between the granularity of expert specialization and hardware execution…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Jingze Shi , Zhangyang Peng , Yizhang Zhu , Yifan Wu , Guang Liu , Yuyu Luo

Sparse Mixture of Experts (MoE) models offer a scalable and efficient architecture for training large neural networks by activating only a subset of parameters ("experts") for each input. A learned router computes a distribution over these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Nabil Omi , Siddhartha Sen , Ali Farhadi

A pivotal advancement in the progress of large language models (LLMs) is the emergence of the Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) LLMs. Compared to traditional LLMs, MoE LLMs can achieve higher performance with fewer parameters, but it is still hard…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Xudong Lu , Qi Liu , Yuhui Xu , Aojun Zhou , Siyuan Huang , Bo Zhang , Junchi Yan , Hongsheng Li

Learning from non-stationary data streams subject to concept drift requires models that can adapt on-the-fly while remaining resource-efficient. Existing adaptive ensemble methods often rely on coarse-grained adaptation mechanisms or simple…

Sparse Mixture of Experts (MoE) large language models (LLMs) are gradually becoming the mainstream approach for ultra-large-scale models. Existing optimization efforts for MoE models have focused primarily on coarse-grained MoE…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Haoqi Yang , Luohe Shi , Qiwei Li , Zuchao Li , Ping Wang , Bo Du , Mengjia Shen , Hai Zhao

We propose Tensor-Trained Low-Rank Adaptation Mixture of Experts (TT-LoRA MoE), a novel computational framework integrating Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) with sparse MoE routing to address scalability challenges in large model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Pradip Kunwar , Minh N. Vu , Maanak Gupta , Mahmoud Abdelsalam , Manish Bhattarai