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Influence functions are important for quantifying the impact of individual training data points on a model's predictions. Although extensive research has been conducted on influence functions in traditional machine learning models, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Zhe Li , Wei Zhao , Yige Li , Jun Sun

Large language model (LLM) alignment is typically achieved through learning from human preference comparisons, making the quality of preference data critical to its success. Existing studies often pre-process raw training datasets to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Zizhuo Zhang , Qizhou Wang , Shanshan Ye , Jianing Zhu , Jiangchao Yao , Bo Han , Masashi Sugiyama

Identifying how training samples influence/impact Large Language Model (LLM) decision-making is essential for effectively interpreting model decisions and auditing large-scale datasets. Current training sample influence estimation methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Dmytro Vitel , Anshuman Chhabra

Large language models (LLMs) have gained increasing attention due to their prominent ability to understand and process texts. Nevertheless, LLMs largely remain opaque. The lack of understanding of LLMs has obstructed the deployment in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Yang Zhang , Yanfei Dong , Kenji Kawaguchi

Quantifying the impact of training data points is crucial for understanding the outputs of machine learning models and for improving the transparency of the AI pipeline. The influence function is a principled and popular data attribution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Yongchan Kwon , Eric Wu , Kevin Wu , James Zou

Large Language Models (LLMs) herald a transformative era in artificial intelligence (AI). However, the expansive scale of data and parameters of LLMs requires high-demand computational and memory resources, restricting their accessibility…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Shengwen Ding , Chenhui Hu

When trying to gain better visibility into a machine learning model in order to understand and mitigate the associated risks, a potentially valuable source of evidence is: which training examples most contribute to a given behavior?…

Large Language Models (LLMs) heavily rely on high-quality training data, making data valuation crucial for optimizing model performance, especially when working within a limited budget. In this work, we aim to offer a third-party data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Yanzhou Pan , Huawei Lin , Yide Ran , Jiamin Chen , Xiaodong Yu , Weijie Zhao , Denghui Zhang , Zhaozhuo Xu

Large language models (LLMs) are trained on a vast amount of human-written data, but data providers often remain uncredited. In response to this issue, data valuation (or data attribution), which quantifies the contribution or value of each…

Large language models (LLMs) achieve remarkable advancements by leveraging tools to interact with environments, a critical step toward generalized AI. However, the standard supervised fine-tuning (SFT) approach, which relies on large-scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Junjie Ye , Yilong Wu , Sixian Li , Yuming Yang , Zhiheng Xi , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang , Peng Wang , Zhongchao Shi , Jianping Fan , Zhengyin Du

Training large language models is a computationally intensive process that often requires substantial resources to achieve state-of-the-art results. Incremental layer-wise training has been proposed as a potential strategy to optimize the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Miles Q. Li , Benjamin C. M. Fung , Shih-Chia Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown extraordinary success across various text generation tasks; however, their potential for simple yet essential text classification remains underexplored, as LLM pre-training tends to emphasize…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Zhexiong Liu , Diane Litman

Large-scale models are pretrained on massive web-crawled datasets containing documents of mixed quality, making data filtering essential. A popular method is Classifier-based Quality Filtering (CQF), which trains a binary classifier to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Thiziri Nait Saada , Louis Bethune , Michal Klein , David Grangier , Marco Cuturi , Pierre Ablin

In this work, we focus on the use of influence functions to identify relevant training examples that one might hope "explain" the predictions of a machine learning model. One shortcoming of influence functions is that the training examples…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-27 Elnaz Barshan , Marc-Etienne Brunet , Gintare Karolina Dziugaite

The responses generated by Large Language Models (LLMs) can include sensitive information from individuals and organizations, leading to potential privacy leakage. This work implements Influence Functions (IFs) to trace privacy leakage back…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Jinxin Liu , Zao Yang

Data-centric learning emphasizes curating high-quality training samples to boost performance rather than designing new architectures. A central problem is to estimate the influence of training sample efficiently. Prior studies largely focus…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Ziao Yang , Longbo Huang , Hongfu Liu

Aligning large language models (LLMs) through supervised fine-tuning is essential for tailoring them to specific applications. Recent studies suggest that alignment primarily adjusts a model's presentation style rather than its foundational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Guangyuan Shi , Zexin Lu , Xiaoyu Dong , Wenlong Zhang , Xuanyu Zhang , Yujie Feng , Xiao-Ming Wu

Despite advancements, fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) remains costly due to the extensive parameter count and substantial data requirements for model generalization. Accessibility to computing resources remains a barrier for the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Ayrton San Joaquin , Bin Wang , Zhengyuan Liu , Nicholas Asher , Brian Lim , Philippe Muller , Nancy F. Chen

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) on chain-of-thought (CoT) data shows that a small amount of high-quality data can outperform massive datasets. Yet, what constitutes "quality" remains ill-defined. Existing reasoning methods rely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Prateek Humane , Paolo Cudrano , Daniel Z. Kaplan , Matteo Matteucci , Supriyo Chakraborty , Irina Rish

Recent advancements in code large language models (Code-LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in resolving programming related tasks. Meanwhile, researchers have recognized that the quality of pre-training data is crucial for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Chengli Xing , Zhengran Zeng , Gexiang Fang , Rui Xie , Wei Ye , Shikun Zhang
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