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Related papers: MultiPhishGuard: An Explainable and Adaptive Multi…

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While Large Language Model (LLM) multi-agent systems (MAS) offer a transformative approach to simulating human behavior in complex systems, it remains largely unexplored whether these simulations can replicate realistic structural and…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Siqi Miao , Ziyang Chen , Yuhong Luo , Hans Hao-Hsun Hsu , Mufei Li , Kaiqing Zhang , Pan Li

The emergence of online services in our daily lives has been accompanied by a range of malicious attempts to trick individuals into performing undesired actions, often to the benefit of the adversary. The most popular medium of these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Lukas Halgas , Ioannis Agrafiotis , Jason R. C. Nurse

Large language model (LLM)-based multi-agent systems (MAS) have shown strong capabilities in solving complex tasks. As MAS become increasingly autonomous in various safety-critical tasks, detecting malicious agents has become a critical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Junjun Pan , Yixin Liu , Rui Miao , Kaize Ding , Yu Zheng , Quoc Viet Hung Nguyen , Alan Wee-Chung Liew , Shirui Pan

Phishing attacks continue to be a significant threat on the Internet. Prior studies show that it is possible to determine whether a website is phishing or not just by analyzing its URL more carefully. A major advantage of the URL based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Harshal Tupsamudre , Sparsh Jain , Sachin Lodha

Phishing emails pose a persistent and increasingly sophisticated threat, undermining email security through deceptive tactics designed to exploit both semantic and structural vulnerabilities. Traditional detection methods, often based on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Ibrahim Altan , Abdulla Bachir , Yousuf Parbhulkar , Abdul Muksith Rizvi , Moshiur Farazi

Email phishing remains a prevalent cyber threat, targeting victims to extract sensitive information or deploy malicious software. This paper explores the integration of open-source intelligence (OSINT) tools and machine learning (ML) models…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Panharith An , Rana Shafi , Tionge Mughogho , Onyango Allan Onyango

Phishing attacks are one of the trending cyber attacks that apply socially engineered messages that are communicated to people from professional hackers aiming at fooling users to reveal their sensitive information, the most popular…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-08-09 Adwan Yasin , Abdelmunem Abuhasan

Phishing emails continue to pose a significant threat to cybersecurity by exploiting human vulnerabilities through deceptive content and malicious payloads. While Machine Learning (ML) models are effective at detecting phishing threats,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Paulo Mendes , Eva Maia , Isabel Praça

Phishing attacks, typically carried out by email, remain a significant cybersecurity threat with attackers creating legitimate-looking websites to deceive recipients into revealing sensitive information or executing harmful actions. In this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Wei Kang , Nan Wang , Jang Seung , Shuo Wang , Alsharif Abuadbba

Phishing campaigns involve adversaries masquerading as trusted vendors trying to trigger user behavior that enables them to exfiltrate private data. While URLs are an important part of phishing campaigns, communicative elements like text…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Fengchao Chen , Tingmin Wu , Van Nguyen , Carsten Rudolph

Phishing emails typically masquerade themselves as reputable identities to trick people into providing sensitive information and credentials. Despite advancements in cybersecurity, attackers continuously adapt, posing ongoing threats to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Sijie Zhuo , Robert Biddle , Jared Daniel Recomendable , Giovanni Russello , Danielle Lottridge

The ever-evolving ways attacker continues to im prove their phishing techniques to bypass existing state-of-the-art phishing detection methods pose a mountain of challenges to researchers in both industry and academia research due to the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Tosin Ige , Christopher Kiekintveld , Aritran Piplai

The hypothesis here states that neural network algorithms such as Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP) have higher accuracy in differentiating malicious and semi-structured phishing URLs. Compared to classical machine learning algorithms such as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-03 Pow Chang

The rapid proliferation of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has introduced unprecedented security challenges, particularly in phishing detection within academic environments. Academic institutions and researchers are high-value…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Jingzhuo Zhou

This study investigates whether large language models (LLMs) can function as intelligent collaborators to bridge expertise gaps in cybersecurity decision-making. We examine two representative tasks-phishing email detection and intrusion…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Shahroz Tariq , Ronal Singh , Mohan Baruwal Chhetri , Surya Nepal , Cecile Paris

Enterprise security is increasingly being threatened by social engineering attacks, such as phishing, which deceive employees into giving access to enterprise data. To protect both the users themselves and enterprise data, more and more…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Mithün Paul , Genevieve Bartlett , Jelena Mirkovic , Marjorie Freedman

Phishing is the combination of social engineering and technical exploits designed to convince a victim to provide personal information, usually for the monetary gain of the attacker. Phishing has become the most popular practice among the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2011-10-04 Aanchal Jain , Vineet Richariya

Phishing attacks targeting both organizations and individuals are becoming an increasingly significant threat as technology advances. Current automatic detection methods often lack explainability and robustness in detecting new phishing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Maria Chiper , Radu Tudor Ionescu

The current generation of large language models produces sophisticated social-engineering content that bypasses standard text screening systems in business communication platforms. Our proposed solution for mail gateway and endpoint…

In this paper, we introduce PhishLang, the first fully client-side anti-phishing framework built on a lightweight ensemble framework that utilizes advanced language models to analyze the contextual features of a website's source code and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Sayak Saha Roy , Shirin Nilizadeh