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Vision language models (VLMs) have advanced graphical user interface (GUI) task automation but still lag behind humans. We hypothesize this gap stems from missing core GUI knowledge, which existing training schemes (such as supervised fine…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Chenrui Shi , Zedong Yu , Zhi Gao , Ruining Feng , Enqi Liu , Yuwei Wu , Yunde Jia , Liuyu Xiang , Zhaofeng He , Qing Li

GUI agents powered by vision-language models (VLMs) show promise in automating complex digital tasks. However, their effectiveness in real-world applications is often limited by scarce training data and the inherent complexity of these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Ran Xu , Kaixin Ma , Wenhao Yu , Hongming Zhang , Joyce C. Ho , Carl Yang , Dong Yu

Graphical User Interface (GUI) action grounding is a critical step in GUI automation that maps language instructions to actionable elements on GUI screens. Most recent works of GUI action grounding leverage large GUI datasets to fine-tune…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Yue Fan , Handong Zhao , Ruiyi Zhang , Yu Shen , Xin Eric Wang , Gang Wu

Computer use agents (CUA) are systems that automatically interact with graphical user interfaces (GUIs) to complete tasks. CUA have made significant progress with the advent of large vision-language models (VLMs). However, these agents…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Man Luo , David Cobbley , Xin Su , Shachar Rosenman , Vasudev Lal , Shao-Yen Tseng , Phillip Howard

Recent advancements in visual language models (VLMs) have notably enhanced their capabilities in handling complex Graphical User Interface (GUI) interaction tasks. Despite these improvements, current frameworks often struggle to generate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Zhiyuan Hu , Shiyun Xiong , Yifan Zhang , See-Kiong Ng , Anh Tuan Luu , Bo An , Shuicheng Yan , Bryan Hooi

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have empowered AI agents capable of performing various sequential decision-making tasks. However, effectively guiding LLMs to perform well in unfamiliar domains like web navigation, where they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Yao Fu , Dong-Ki Kim , Jaekyeom Kim , Sungryull Sohn , Lajanugen Logeswaran , Kyunghoon Bae , Honglak Lee

Combining Large Language Models (LLMs) with Reinforcement Learning (RL) enables agents to interpret language instructions more effectively for task execution. However, LLMs typically lack direct perception of the physical environment, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Pengsen Liu , Maosen Zeng , Nan Tang , Kaiyuan Li , Jing-Cheng Pang , Yunan Liu , Yang Yu

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a range of text-generation tasks. However, LLMs still struggle with problems requiring multi-step decision-making and environmental feedback, such as online…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Zhenfang Chen , Delin Chen , Rui Sun , Wenjun Liu , Chuang Gan

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown great potential in revolutionizing Graphical User Interface (GUI) automation. However, existing GUI models mostly rely on learning from nearly error-free offline trajectories, thus lacking…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Penghao Wu , Shengnan Ma , Bo Wang , Jiaheng Yu , Lewei Lu , Ziwei Liu

Autonomous Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents powered by Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) enable digital automation on end-user devices. While scaling both parameters and data has yielded substantial gains, advanced methods still…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Ziwei Wang , Junjie Zheng , Leyang Yang , Sheng Zhou , Xiaoxuan Tang , Zhouhua Fang , Zhiwei Liu , Dajun Chen , Yong Li , Jiajun Bu

GUI agents powered by Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated impressive capability in understanding and executing user instructions. However, accurately grounding instruction-relevant elements from high-resolution…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Yichao Liu , Huawen Shen , Liu Yu , Shiyu Liu , Zeyu Chen , Yu Zhou

Recent advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have substantially driven the progress of autonomous agents for Graphical User Interface (GUI). Nevertheless, in real-world applications, GUI agents are often faced with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Yibo Wang , Guangda Huzhang , Yuwei Hu , Yu Xia , Shiyin Lu , Qing-Guo Chen , Zhao Xu , Weihua Luo , Kaifu Zhang , Lijun Zhang

Large Language Model (LLM) Agents have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in task automation and intelligent decision-making, driving the widespread adoption of agent development frameworks such as LangChain and AutoGen. However, these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Jiabin Tang , Tianyu Fan , Chao Huang

We introduce ComputerRL, a framework for autonomous desktop intelligence that enables agents to operate complex digital workspaces skillfully. ComputerRL features the API-GUI paradigm, which unifies programmatic API calls and direct GUI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Hanyu Lai , Xiao Liu , Yanxiao Zhao , Han Xu , Hanchen Zhang , Bohao Jing , Yanyu Ren , Shuntian Yao , Yuxiao Dong , Jie Tang

We present \textbf{Deep Researcher Agent}, an open-source framework that enables large language model (LLM) agents to autonomously conduct deep learning experiments around the clock. Unlike existing AI research assistants that focus on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Xiangyue Zhang

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents, powered by Large Foundation Models, have emerged as a transformative approach to automating human-computer interaction. These agents autonomously interact with digital systems or software applications…

Autonomous GUI agents face two fundamental challenges: early stopping, where agents prematurely declare success without verifiable evidence, and repetitive loops, where agents cycle through the same failing actions without recovery. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Qijun Han , Haoqin Tu , Zijun Wang , Haoyue Dai , Yiyang Zhou , Nancy Lau , Alvaro A. Cardenas , Yuhui Xu , Ran Xu , Caiming Xiong , Zeyu Zheng , Huaxiu Yao , Yuyin Zhou , Cihang Xie

Current approaches rely on zero-shot evaluation due to the absence of training data; while proprietary models such as GPT-4 exhibit strong reasoning capabilities, smaller open-source models remain ineffective at complex tool use. To address…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Hyunji Min , Sangwon Jung , Junyoung Sung , Dosung Lee , Leekyeung Han , Paul Hongsuck Seo

Recently, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have been used as agents to control keyboard and mouse inputs by directly perceiving the Graphical User Interface (GUI) and generating corresponding commands. However, current agents…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Dongping Chen , Yue Huang , Siyuan Wu , Jingyu Tang , Liuyi Chen , Yilin Bai , Zhigang He , Chenlong Wang , Huichi Zhou , Yiqiang Li , Tianshuo Zhou , Yue Yu , Chujie Gao , Qihui Zhang , Yi Gui , Zhen Li , Yao Wan , Pan Zhou , Jianfeng Gao , Lichao Sun

Recent advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have enabled autonomous agents to interact with computers via Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs), where accurately localizing the coordinates of interface elements (e.g., buttons) is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Hyunseok Lee , Jeonghoon Kim , Beomjun Kim , Jihoon Tack , Chansong Jo , Jaehong Lee , Cheonbok Park , Sookyo In , Jinwoo Shin , Kang Min Yoo