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Mode connectivity is a recently introduced frame- work that empirically establishes the connected- ness of minima by finding a high accuracy curve between two independently trained models. To investigate the limits of this setup, we examine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-20 Akhilesh Gotmare , Nitish Shirish Keskar , Caiming Xiong , Richard Socher

One of the most intriguing findings in the structure of neural network landscape is the phenomenon of mode connectivity: For two typical global minima, there exists a path connecting them without barrier. This concept of mode connectivity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Zhanran Lin , Puheng Li , Lei Wu

The loss landscapes of deep neural networks are not well understood due to their high nonconvexity. Empirically, the local minima of these loss functions can be connected by a learned curve in model space, along which the loss remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-11 N. Joseph Tatro , Pin-Yu Chen , Payel Das , Igor Melnyk , Prasanna Sattigeri , Rongjie Lai

Mode connectivity is a phenomenon where trained models are connected by a path of low loss. We reframe this in the context of Information Geometry, where neural networks are studied as spaces of parameterized distributions with curved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-25 Charlie Tan , Theodore Long , Sarah Zhao , Rudolf Laine

We study neural network loss landscapes through the lens of mode connectivity, the observation that minimizers of neural networks retrieved via training on a dataset are connected via simple paths of low loss. Specifically, we ask the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Ekdeep Singh Lubana , Eric J. Bigelow , Robert P. Dick , David Krueger , Hidenori Tanaka

We extend the concept of loss landscape mode connectivity to the input space of deep neural networks. Mode connectivity was originally studied within parameter space, where it describes the existence of low-loss paths between different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Jakub Vrabel , Ori Shem-Ur , Yaron Oz , David Krueger

Mode connectivity is a surprising phenomenon in the loss landscape of deep nets. Optima -- at least those discovered by gradient-based optimization -- turn out to be connected by simple paths on which the loss function is almost constant.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-07 Rohith Kuditipudi , Xiang Wang , Holden Lee , Yi Zhang , Zhiyuan Li , Wei Hu , Sanjeev Arora , Rong Ge

The question of how and why the phenomenon of mode connectivity occurs in training deep neural networks has gained remarkable attention in the research community. From a theoretical perspective, two possible explanations have been proposed:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Quynh Nguyen , Pierre Brechet , Marco Mondelli

Training neural networks means solving a high-dimensional optimization problem. Normally the goal is to minimize a loss function that depends on what is called the network function, or in other words the function that gives the network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Umberto Michelucci

Empirical studies of the loss landscape of deep networks have revealed that many local minima are connected through low-loss valleys. Yet, little is known about the theoretical origin of such valleys. We present a general framework for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Bo Zhao , Iordan Ganev , Robin Walters , Rose Yu , Nima Dehmamy

Modern deep learning models are highly overparameterized, resulting in large sets of parameter configurations that yield the same outputs. A significant portion of this redundancy is explained by symmetries in the parameter…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Bo Zhao , Robin Walters , Rose Yu

We study the connected ensemble, a statistical-mechanics framework that characterizes the formation of low-loss paths in rugged landscapes. First introduced in a previous paper, this ensemble allows one to identify when a network can be…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2026-02-02 Damien Barbier

Continual (sequential) training and multitask (simultaneous) training are often attempting to solve the same overall objective: to find a solution that performs well on all considered tasks. The main difference is in the training regimes,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Seyed Iman Mirzadeh , Mehrdad Farajtabar , Dilan Gorur , Razvan Pascanu , Hassan Ghasemzadeh

We systematize the approach to the investigation of deep neural network landscapes by basing it on the geometry of the space of implemented functions rather than the space of parameters. Grouping classifiers into equivalence classes, we…

Many algorithms and observed phenomena in deep learning appear to be affected by parameter symmetries -- transformations of neural network parameters that do not change the underlying neural network function. These include linear mode…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Derek Lim , Theo Moe Putterman , Robin Walters , Haggai Maron , Stefanie Jegelka

Machine Unlearning aims to remove undesired information from trained models without requiring full retraining from scratch. Despite recent advancements, their underlying loss landscapes and optimization dynamics received less attention. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Jiali Cheng , Hadi Amiri

Understanding the geometry of neural network loss landscapes is a central question in deep learning, with implications for generalization and optimization. A striking phenomenon is linear mode connectivity (LMC), where independently trained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Alexander Theus , Alessandro Cabodi , Sotiris Anagnostidis , Antonio Orvieto , Sidak Pal Singh , Valentina Boeva

The phenomenon of linear mode connectivity (LMC) links several aspects of deep learning, including training stability under noisy stochastic gradients, the smoothness and generalization of local minima (basins), the similarity and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-07 C. Hepburn , T. Zielke , A. P. Raulf

In many neural networks, different values of the parameters may result in the same loss value. Parameter space symmetries are loss-invariant transformations that change the model parameters. Teleportation applies such transformations to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Bo Zhao , Robert M. Gower , Robin Walters , Rose Yu

A fundamental challenge in understanding graph neural networks (GNNs) lies in characterizing their optimization dynamics and loss landscape geometry, critical for improving interpretability and robustness. While mode connectivity, a lens…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Bingheng Li , Zhikai Chen , Haoyu Han , Shenglai Zeng , Jingzhe Liu , Jiliang Tang
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