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Reliable AI systems require large language models (LLMs) to exhibit behaviors aligned with human preferences and values. However, most existing alignment approaches operate at training time and rely on additional high-quality data,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Baolong Bi , Yuyao Ge , Shenghua Liu , Yuchen He , Siqian Tong , Lizhe Chen , Lingrui Mei , Zehao Li , Yiwei Wang , Yujun Cai , Ming-Hsuan Yang , Xueqi Cheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional capabilities across various machine learning (ML) tasks. Given the high costs of creating annotated datasets for supervised learning, LLMs offer a valuable alternative by enabling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Meiyun Wang , Masahiro Suzuki , Hiroki Sakaji , Kiyoshi Izumi

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has revolutionized how users access information, shifting from traditional search engines to direct question-and-answer interactions with LLMs. However, the widespread adoption of LLMs has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Weihang Su , Yichen Tang , Qingyao Ai , Changyue Wang , Zhijing Wu , Yiqun Liu

Although Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have made substantial progress, hallucination, where generated text is not grounded in the visual input, remains a challenge. As LVLMs become stronger, previously reported hallucination…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 April Fu

This work introduces a novel methodology for the automatic detection of hallucinations generated during large language model (LLM) inference. The proposed approach is based on a systematic taxonomy and controlled reproduction of diverse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Maksym Zavhorodnii , Dmytro Dehtiarov , Anna Konovalenko

We propose a method to teach multiple large language models (LLM) to collaborate by interleaving their generations at the token level. We model the decision of which LLM generates the next token as a latent variable. By optimizing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Shannon Zejiang Shen , Hunter Lang , Bailin Wang , Yoon Kim , David Sontag

Visual hallucinations in Large Language Models (LLMs), where the model generates responses that are inconsistent with the visual input, pose a significant challenge to their reliability, particularly in contexts where precise and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Nokimul Hasan Arif , Shadman Rabby , Md Hefzul Hossain Papon , Sabbir Ahmed

Decoding by contrasting layers (DoLa), is designed to improve the generation quality of large language models (LLMs) by contrasting the prediction probabilities between an early exit output (amateur logits) and the final output (expert…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Wenhao Zhu , Sizhe Liu , Shujian Huang , Shuaijie She , Chris Wendler , Jiajun Chen

Large language models are successful in answering factoid questions but are also prone to hallucination. We investigate the phenomenon of LLMs possessing correct answer knowledge yet still hallucinating from the perspective of inference…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Che Jiang , Biqing Qi , Xiangyu Hong , Dayuan Fu , Yang Cheng , Fandong Meng , Mo Yu , Bowen Zhou , Jie Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs) still face challenges when dealing with complex reasoning tasks, often resulting in hallucinations, which limit the practical application of LLMs. To alleviate this issue, this paper proposes a new method that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Zhihua Duan , Jialin Wang

Hallucination has been a significant impediment to the development and application of current Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs). To mitigate hallucinations, one intuitive and effective way is to directly increase attention weights to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Li'an Zhong , Ziqiang He , Jibin Zheng , Jin Li , Z. Jane Wang , Xiangui Kang

Large language models (LLMs), despite their remarkable text generation capabilities, often hallucinate and generate text that is factually incorrect and not grounded in real-world knowledge. This poses serious risks in domains like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Raavi Gupta , Pranav Hari Panicker , Sumit Bhatia , Ganesh Ramakrishnan

Large language model (LLM) decoding involves generating a sequence of tokens based on a given context, where each token is predicted one at a time using the model's learned probabilities. The typical autoregressive decoding method requires…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Xukun Liu , Bowen Lei , Ruqi Zhang , Dongkuan Xu

A common approach to hallucination detection casts it as a natural language inference (NLI) task, often using LLMs to classify whether the generated text is entailed by corresponding reference texts. Since entailment classification is a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Ron Eliav , Arie Cattan , Eran Hirsch , Shahaf Bassan , Elias Stengel-Eskin , Mohit Bansal , Ido Dagan

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in both research and real-world applications, but they still struggle with hallucination. Existing hallucination detection methods often perform poorly on sentence-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Weizhi Gao , Xiaorui Liu , Feiyi Wang , Dan Lu , Junqi Yin

Large Language Models (LLMs) are powerful computational models trained on extensive corpora of human-readable text, enabling them to perform general-purpose language understanding and generation. LLMs have garnered significant attention in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Liam Barkley , Brink van der Merwe

Recent studies on hallucination detection have shown that hallucination-related signals are more strongly encoded in intermediate layers than in the final layer of large language models (LLMs). Although a growing body of work has sought to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Xinpeng Wang , William Cao , Andrew Gordon Wilson , Zhe Zeng

Recent work on test-time scaling for large language model (LLM) reasoning typically assumes that allocating more inference-time computation uniformly improves correctness. However, prior studies show that reasoning uncertainty is highly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Lexiang Tang , Weihao Gao , Bingchen Zhao , Lu Ma , Qiao jin , Bang Yang , Yuexian Zou

Adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) for recommendation requires careful consideration of the decoding process, given the inherent differences between generating items and natural language. Existing approaches often directly apply LLMs'…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Keqin Bao , Jizhi Zhang , Yang Zhang , Xinyue Huo , Chong Chen , Fuli Feng

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit logically inconsistent hallucinations that appear coherent yet violate reasoning principles, with recent research suggesting an inverse relationship between causal reasoning capabilities and such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Yuangang Li , Yiqing Shen , Yi Nian , Jiechao Gao , Ziyi Wang , Chenxiao Yu , Shawn Li , Jie Wang , Xiyang Hu , Yue Zhao