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Star formation in the early Universe has left its imprint on the chemistry of observable stars in galaxies. We derive elemental abundances and the slope of the low-mass end of the initial mass function (IMF) for a sample of 25 very massive…
Regular mammography screening is essential for early breast cancer detection. Deep learning-based risk prediction methods have sparked interest to adjust screening intervals for high-risk groups. While early methods focused only on current…
Understanding the flow of deformable particles such as liquid drops, synthetic capsules and vesicles, and biological cells confined in a small channel is essential to a wide range of potential chemical and biomedical engineering…
Embryo quality assessment after in vitro fertilization (IVF) is primarily done visually by embryologists. Variability among assessors, however, remains one of the main causes of the low success rate of IVF. This study aims to develop an…
Planktonic organisms are of fundamental importance to marine ecosystems: they form the basis of the food web, provide the link between the atmosphere and the deep ocean, and influence global-scale biogeochemical cycles. Scientists are…
Immunofluorescent (IF) imaging is crucial for visualizing biomarker expressions, cell morphology and assessing the effects of drug treatments on sub-cellular components. IF imaging needs extra staining process and often requiring cell…
During the initiation stage of protein synthesis, a ribosomal initiation complex (IC) is assembled on a messenger RNA (mRNA) template. In bacteria, the speed and accuracy of this assembly process are regulated by the complementary…
Phenotypic heterogeneity along the epithelial-mesenchymal (E-M) axis contributes to cancer metastasis and drug resistance. Recent experimental efforts have collated detailed time-course data on the emergence and dynamics of E-M…
In cryo-electron microscopy (EM), molecular structures are determined from large numbers of projection images of individual particles. To harness the full power of this single-molecule information, we use the Bayesian inference of EM…
Early diagnosis of breast cancer (BC) significantly contributes to reducing the mortality rate worldwide. The detection of different factors and biomarkers such as Estrogen receptor (ER), Progesterone receptor (PR), Human epidermal growth…
Designing a high-quality plasma injector electron source driven by a laser beam relies on numerical parametric studies using particle-in-cell codes. The common input parameters to explore are laser characteristics, plasma species and…
Many imaging techniques for biological systems -- like fixation of cells coupled with fluorescence microscopy -- provide sharp spatial resolution in reporting locations of individuals at a single moment in time but also destroy the dynamics…
The expected metal enrichment of the intra-cluster medium (ICM) and the partition of metals between cluster galaxies and the hot ICM depends on the stellar Initial Mass Function (IMF). The choice of the IMF in simulations of clusters has…
Symmetry breaking, a central principle of physics, has been hailed as the driver of self-organization in biological systems in general and biogenesis of cellular organelles in particular, but the molecular mechanisms of symmetry breaking…
The space-time dynamics of rigid inhomogeneities (inclusions) free to move in a randomly fluctuating fluid bio-membrane is derived and numerically simulated as a function of the membrane shape changes. Both vertically placed (embedded)…
Immunological self/not-self discrimination is conventionally seen as an extracellular event, involving interactions been receptors on T cells pre-educated to discriminate, and peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex proteins…
An essential premise for neuroscience brain network analysis is the successful segmentation of the cerebral cortex into functionally homogeneous regions. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), capturing the…
Gene expression patterns (GEPs) are established by cross-regulating target genes that interpret morphogen gradients. However, as development progresses, morphogen activity is reduced, leaving the emergent GEP without stabilizing positional…
Intrinsic noise, the stochastic cell-to-cell fluctuations in mRNAs and proteins, has been observed and proved to play important roles in cellular systems. Due to the recent development in single-cell-level measurement technology, the…
The dynamics of cellular pattern formation is crucial for understanding embryonic development and tissue morphogenesis. Recent studies have shown that human dermal fibroblasts cultured on liquid crystal elastomers can exhibit an increase in…