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Scaling the input context length of a large language model (LLM) incurs a significant increase in computation cost and memory footprint to maintain the attention key-value (KV) cache. Existing KV cache compression methods suffer from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Yuxiang Huang , Binhang Yuan , Xu Han , Chaojun Xiao , Zhiyuan Liu

Modern large language models (LLMs) extend context lengths to millions of tokens, enabling coherent, personalized responses grounded in long conversational history. However, the Key-Value (KV) cache grows linearly with the extended dialogue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Minsoo Kim , Arnav Kundu , Han-Byul Kim , Richa Dixit , Minsik Cho

Large language models have revolutionized natural language processing but face significant challenges of high storage and runtime costs, due to the transformer architecture's reliance on self-attention, particularly the large KV cache for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yuan Feng , Junlin Lv , Haoyu Guo , Yukun Cao , S Kevin Zhou , Xike Xie

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance on long-context tasks, but are often bottlenecked by memory constraints. Namely, the KV cache, which is used to significantly speed up attention computations, grows…

Large language models (LLMs) are often used for infilling tasks, which involve predicting or generating missing information in a given text. These tasks typically require multiple interactions with similar context. To reduce the computation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Tianyu Guo , Hande Dong , Yichong Leng , Feng Liu , Cheater Lin , Nong Xiao , Xianwei Zhang

Large language models have revolutionized data processing in numerous domains, with their ability to handle extended context reasoning receiving notable recognition. To speed up inference, maintaining a key-value (KV) cache memory is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Zhen Yang , J. N. Han , Kan Wu , Ruobing Xie , An Wang , Xingwu Sun , Zhanhui Kang

Large language models (LLMs) excel at processing long sequences, boosting demand for key-value (KV) caching. While recent efforts to evict KV cache have alleviated the inference burden, they often fail to allocate resources rationally…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Ziran Qin , Yuchen Cao , Mingbao Lin , Wen Hu , Shixuan Fan , Ke Cheng , Weiyao Lin , Jianguo Li

Large Language Models(LLMs) have had a profound impact on AI applications, particularly in the domains of long-text comprehension and generation. KV Cache technology is one of the most widely used techniques in the industry. It ensures…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Qiaozhi He , Zhihua Wu

Autoregressive Transformers rely on Key-Value (KV) caching to accelerate inference. However, the linear growth of the KV cache with context length leads to excessive memory consumption and bandwidth constraints. This bottleneck is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Ravi Ghadia , Avinash Kumar , Gaurav Jain , Prashant Nair , Poulami Das

Modern large language models (LLMs) drive interactive AI systems but are bottlenecked by the memory-heavy growth of key-value (KV) caches, which limits real-time throughput under concurrent loads. Existing KV-cache compression methods rely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Joseph Kampeas , Emir Haleva

KV cache compression methods have mainly relied on scalar quantization techniques to reduce the memory requirements during decoding. In this work, we apply residual vector quantization, which has been widely used for high fidelity audio…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Ankur Kumar

Recently, significant progress has been made in developing reasoning-capable Large Language Models (LLMs) through long Chain-of-Thought (CoT) techniques. However, this long-CoT reasoning process imposes substantial memory overhead due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Tengxuan Liu , Shiyao Li , Jiayi Yang , Tianchen Zhao , Feng Zhou , Xiaohui Song , Guohao Dai , Shengen Yan , Huazhong Yang , Yu Wang

Memory-augmented Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capability for complex and long-horizon embodied planning. By keeping track of past experiences and environmental states, memory enables LLMs to maintain a global…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Zebin Yang , Tong Xie , Baotong Lu , Shaoshan Liu , Bo Yu , Meng Li

Efficient deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) requires batching multiple requests together to improve throughput. As the batch size, context length, or model size increases, the size of the key and value (KV) cache can quickly become…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Tianyi Zhang , Jonah Yi , Zhaozhuo Xu , Anshumali Shrivastava

With context windows of millions of tokens, Long-Context Language Models (LCLMs) can encode entire document collections, offering a strong alternative to conventional retrieval-augmented generation (RAG). However, it remains unclear whether…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Francesco Maria Molfese , Momchil Hardalov , Rexhina Blloshmi , Bill Byrne , Adrià de Gispert

With the widespread deployment of long-context large language models (LLMs), there has been a growing demand for efficient support of high-throughput inference. However, as the key-value (KV) cache expands with the sequence length, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Hanshi Sun , Li-Wen Chang , Wenlei Bao , Size Zheng , Ningxin Zheng , Xin Liu , Harry Dong , Yuejie Chi , Beidi Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive accomplishments in recent years. However, the increasing memory consumption of KV cache has possessed a significant challenge to the inference system. Eviction methods have revealed the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Zicong Tang , Shi Luohe , Zuchao Li , Baoyuan Qi , Guoming Liu , Lefei Zhang , Ping Wang

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have spurred interest in numerous applications requiring robust long-range capabilities, essential for processing extensive input contexts and continuously generating extended outputs. As…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Dachuan Shi , Yonggan Fu , Xiangchi Yuan , Zhongzhi Yu , Haoran You , Sixu Li , Xin Dong , Jan Kautz , Pavlo Molchanov , Yingyan , Lin

Long-running agentic tasks, such as deep research, require multi-hop reasoning over information distributed across multiple webpages and documents. In such tasks, the LLM context is dominated by tokens from external retrieval, causing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Sanjay Kariyappa , G. Edward Suh

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have already achieved remarkable results on long-text tasks, but the limited GPU memory (VRAM) resources struggle to accommodate the linearly growing demand for key-value (KV) cache as the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Shibo Jie , Yehui Tang , Kai Han , Zhi-Hong Deng , Jing Han