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Natural protein sequences somehow encode the structural forms that these molecules adopt. Recent developments in structure-prediction are agnostic to the mechanisms by which proteins fold and represent them as static objects. However, the…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-05-26 Ezequiel A. Galpern , Federico Caamaño , Diego U. Ferreiro

Modern Protein Language Models (PLMs) apply transformer-based model architectures from natural language processing to biological sequences, predicting a variety of protein functions and properties. However, protein language has key…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Anna Hart , Chi Han , Jeonghwan Kim , Huimin Zhao , Heng Ji

Protein inverse folding is a fundamental problem in bioinformatics, aiming to recover the amino acid sequences from a given protein backbone structure. Despite the success of existing methods, they struggle to fully capture the intricate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Chenglin Wang , Yucheng Zhou , Zijie Zhai , Jianbing Shen , Kai Zhang

The ability to explain decisions made by machine learning models remains one of the most significant hurdles towards widespread adoption of AI in highly sensitive areas such as medicine, cybersecurity or autonomous driving. Great interest…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Maximilian P Niroomand , David J Wales

Natural protein sequences contain a record of their history. A common constraint in a given protein family is the ability to fold to specific structures, and it has been shown possible to infer the main native ensemble by analyzing…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2017-03-16 Rocío Espada , R. Gonzalo Parra , Thierry Mora , Aleksandra M. Walczak , Diego U. Ferreiro

In recent years the machine learning techniques have shown a great potential in various problems from a multitude of disciplines, including materials design and drug discovery. The high computational speed on the one hand and the accuracy…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2018-05-09 Konstantin Gubaev , Evgeny V. Podryabinkin , Alexander V. Shapeev

We explore a framework for protein sequence representation learning that decomposes the task between manifold learning and distributional modelling. Specifically we present a Latent Space Diffusion architecture which combines a protein…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Eoin Quinn , Ghassene Jebali , Maxime Seince , Oliver Bent

Determining the structure of a protein has been a decades-long open question. A protein's three-dimensional structure often poses nontrivial computation costs, when classical simulation algorithms are utilized. Advances in the transformer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Chen Dun , Qiutai Pan , Shikai Jin , Ria Stevens , Mitchell D. Miller , George N. Phillips, , Anastasios Kyrillidis

Accurate simulations of atomistic systems from first principles are limited by computational cost. In high-throughput settings, machine learning can reduce these costs significantly by accurately interpolating between reference…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2022-11-28 Haoyan Huo , Matthias Rupp

Pathology foundation models (PFMs) have demonstrated strong representational capabilities through self-supervised pre-training on large-scale, unannotated histopathology image datasets. However, their diverse yet opaque pretraining…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Yuxiang Xiao , Yang Hu , Bin Li , Tianyang Zhang , Zexi Li , Huazhu Fu , Jens Rittscher , Kaixiang Yang

Molecular dynamics is a valuable tool to probe biological processes at the atomistic level - a resolution often elusive to experiments. However, the credibility of molecular models is limited by the accuracy of the underlying force field,…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-11-10 Vojtech Kostal , Brennon L. Shanks , Pavel Jungwirth , Hector Martinez-Seara

Inverse protein folding is challenging due to its inherent one-to-many mapping characteristic, where numerous possible amino acid sequences can fold into a single, identical protein backbone. This task involves not only identifying viable…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2023-11-08 Kai Yi , Bingxin Zhou , Yiqing Shen , Pietro Liò , Yu Guang Wang

Fast and accurate protein structure prediction is one of the major challenges in structural biology, biotechnology and molecular biomedicine. These fields require 3D protein structures for rational design of proteins with improved or novel…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2013-11-14 Lars A. Bratholm

Structural biology relies on accurate three-dimensional biomolecular structures to advance our understanding of biological functions, disease mechanisms, and therapeutics. While recent advances in deep learning have enabled the development…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-04-02 Yizhen Luo , Jiashuo Wang , Siqi Fan , Zaiqing Nie

The capability of accurate prediction of protein functions and properties is essential in the biotechnology industry, e.g. drug development and artificial protein synthesis, etc. The main challenges of protein function prediction are the…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2021-12-02 Wei-Cheng Tseng , Po-Han Chi , Jia-Hua Wu , Min Sun

The mechanisms by which a protein's 3D structure can be determined based on its amino acid sequence have long been one of the key mysteries of biophysics. Often simplistic models, such as those derived from geometric constraints, capture…

Biological Physics · Physics 2023-01-02 Nora Molkenthin , J. J. Güven , Steffen Mühle , Antonia S. J. S. Mey

The training set of atomic configurations is key to the performance of any Machine Learning Force Field (MLFF) and, as such, the training set selection determines the applicability of the MLFF model for predictive molecular simulations.…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2021-03-24 Gregory Fonseca , Igor Poltavsky , Valentin Vassilev-Galindo , Alexandre Tkatchenko

Machine learning advances chemistry and materials science by enabling large-scale exploration of chemical space based on quantum chemical calculations. While these models supply fast and accurate predictions of atomistic chemical…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2019-06-25 K. T. Schütt , M. Gastegger , A. Tkatchenko , K. -R. Müller , R. J. Maurer

Tokenization is a promising path to multi-modal models capable of jointly understanding protein sequences, structure, and function. Existing protein structure tokenizers create tokens by pooling information from local neighborhoods, an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Rohit Dilip , Ayush Varshney , David Van Valen

Proteins are fundamental to biology, executing diverse functions through complex physicochemical interactions, and they hold transformative potential across medicine, materials science, and environmental applications. Protein Language…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-06-11 Logan Hallee , Nikolaos Rafailidis , David B. Bichara , Jason P. Gleghorn
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