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In this work, we present VARGPT-v1.1, an advanced unified visual autoregressive model that builds upon our previous framework VARGPT. The model preserves the dual paradigm of next-token prediction for visual understanding and next-scale…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Xianwei Zhuang , Yuxin Xie , Yufan Deng , Dongchao Yang , Liming Liang , Jinghan Ru , Yuguo Yin , Yuexian Zou

Adapting large language models (LLMs) for specific tasks usually involves fine-tuning through reinforcement learning with human feedback (RLHF) on preference data. While these data often come from diverse labelers' groups (e.g., different…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Shyam Sundhar Ramesh , Yifan Hu , Iason Chaimalas , Viraj Mehta , Pier Giuseppe Sessa , Haitham Bou Ammar , Ilija Bogunovic

Despite recent advances in Large Video Language Models (LVLMs), they still struggle with fine-grained temporal understanding, hallucinate, and often make simple mistakes on even simple video question-answering tasks, all of which pose…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Pritam Sarkar , Ali Etemad

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in business-critical domains such as finance, education, healthcare, and customer support, where users expect consistent and reliable recommendations. Yet LLMs often exhibit variability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Sonal Prabhune , Balaji Padmanabhan , Kaushik Dutta

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has improved the reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) by using rule-based binary feedback. However, current RLVR methods typically assign the same reward to every token.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Guofu Xie , Yunsheng Shi , Hongtao Tian , Ting Yao , Xiao Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive reasoning performance, with reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) emerging as a standard paradigm for post-training. A representative algorithm, group relative policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Yuheng Zhang , Wenlin Yao , Changlong Yu , Yao Liu , Qingyu Yin , Bing Yin , Hyokun Yun , Lihong Li

Existing Reinforcement Learning from Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) methods, such as Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO), have achieved remarkable progress in improving the reasoning capabilities of Large Reasoning Models (LRMs). However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Hsiu-Yuan Huang , Chenming Tang , Weijie Liu , Clive Bai , Saiyong Yang , Yunfang Wu

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) is a promising policy-based approach for Large Language Model alignment, yet its performance is often limited by training instability and suboptimal convergence. In this paper, we identify and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Marco Simoni , Aleksandar Fontana , Giulio Rossolini , Andrea Saracino , Paolo Mori

Autoregressive models recently achieved comparable results versus state-of-the-art Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) with the help of Vector Quantized Variational AutoEncoders (VQ-VAE). However, autoregressive models have several…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Kenan E. Ak , Ning Xu , Zhe Lin , Yilin Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in language processing, yet they often struggle with tasks requiring genuine visual spatial reasoning. In this paper, we introduce a novel two-stage training framework…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Alan Dao , Dinh Bach Vu

State-of-the-art large multi-modal models (LMMs) face challenges when processing high-resolution images, as these inputs are converted into enormous visual tokens, many of which are irrelevant to the downstream task. In this paper, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Xinyu Huang , Yuhao Dong , Weiwei Tian , Bo Li , Rui Feng , Ziwei Liu

Text-to-Image (T2I) generation has achieved remarkable progress in recent years. Meanwhile, reinforcement learning methods, particularly those based on Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO), have attracted widespread attention and been…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Baoteng Li , Xianghao Zang , Xinran Wang , Xiangyu Na , Zhixiang He , Hao Sun , Chi Zhang , Zhongjiang He , Tianwei Cao , Kongming Liang , Zhanyu Ma

Recent work shows that preference alignment objectives can be interpreted as divergence estimators between aligned (preferred) & unaligned (less-preferred) distributions, yielding a principled recipe for designing alignment losses. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Rajdeep Haldar , Lantao Mei , Guang Lin , Yue Xing , Qifan Song

While large-scale video diffusion models have demonstrated impressive capabilities in generating high-resolution and semantically rich content, a significant gap remains between their pretraining performance and real-world deployment…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Zeyue Xue , Siming Fu , Jie Huang , Shuai Lu , Haoran Li , Yijun Liu , Yuming Li , Xiaoxuan He , Mengzhao Chen , Haoyang Huang , Nan Duan , Ping Luo

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has emerged as a promising approach to improve the reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). Among RLVR algorithms, Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) and its variants…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zhaokang Liao , Yingguo Gao , Yi Yang , Yongheng Hu , Jingting Ding

As language models become increasingly capable, users expect them to provide not only accurate responses but also behaviors aligned with diverse human preferences across a variety of scenarios. To achieve this, Reinforcement learning (RL)…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have shown strong potential for general-purpose robotic manipulation, but their reliance on expert demonstrations limits their ability to learn from failures and perform self-corrections. Reinforcement…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Fangqi Zhu , Zhengyang Yan , Zicong Hong , Quanxin Shou , Xiao Ma , Song Guo

Self-supervised reinforcement learning (RL) presents a promising approach for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) without reliance on expensive human-annotated data. However, we find that existing methods…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Bizhe Bai , Hongming Wu , Peng Ye , Tao Chen

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has proven to be an effective tool for post-training language models (LMs). However, AI systems are increasingly expressed as modular programs that mix together multiple LM calls with distinct…

Diffusion models are a class of flexible generative models trained with an approximation to the log-likelihood objective. However, most use cases of diffusion models are not concerned with likelihoods, but instead with downstream objectives…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Kevin Black , Michael Janner , Yilun Du , Ilya Kostrikov , Sergey Levine