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Inspired by the success of reinforcement learning (RL) in refining large language models (LLMs), we propose AR-GRPO, an approach to integrate online RL training into autoregressive (AR) image generation models. We adapt the Group Relative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Shihao Yuan , Yahui Liu , Yang Yue , Jingyuan Zhang , Wangmeng Zuo , Qi Wang , Fuzheng Zhang , Guorui Zhou

Visual generation is dominated by three paradigms: AutoRegressive (AR), diffusion, and Visual AutoRegressive (VAR) models. Unlike AR and diffusion, VARs operate on heterogeneous input structures across their generation steps, which creates…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Shikun Sun , Liao Qu , Huichao Zhang , Yiheng Liu , Yangyang Song , Xian Li , Xu Wang , Yi Jiang , Daniel K. Du , Xinglong Wu , Jia Jia

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become a powerful tool for post-training visual generative models, with Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) increasingly used to align generators with human preferences. However, existing GRPO pipelines…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Ziqi Ni , Yuanzhi Liang , Rui Li , Yi Zhou , Haibin Huang , Chi Zhang , Xuelong Li

The Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO), a reinforcement learning method used to fine-tune large language models (LLMs), has proved its effectiveness in practical applications such as DeepSeek-R1. It raises a question whether GRPO can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Yanchen Xu , Ziheng Jiao , Hongyuan Zhang , Xuelong Li

Visual-Language-Action (VLA) models have demonstrated strong cross-scenario generalization capabilities in various robotic tasks through large-scale pre-training and task-specific fine-tuning. However, their training paradigm mainly relies…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Zengjue Chen , Runliang Niu , He Kong , Qi Wang , Qianli Xing , Zipei Fan

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has become a practical route to improve large language model reasoning, and Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) is a widely used optimizer in this setting. However, RLVR training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Tue Le , Linh Ngo Van , Trung Le

Autoregressive (AR) models are highly effective for image generation, yet their standard maximum-likelihood estimation training lacks direct optimization for sample quality and diversity. While reinforcement learning (RL) has been used to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Orhun Buğra Baran , Melih Kandemir , Ramazan Gokberk Cinbis

Traditional preference tuning methods for LLMs/Visual Generative Models often rely solely on reward model labeling, which can be opaque, offer limited insights into the rationale behind preferences, and are prone to issues such as reward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Hanyang Zhao , Haoxian Chen , Yucheng Guo , Genta Indra Winata , Tingting Ou , Ziyu Huang , David D. Yao , Wenpin Tang

Recent works have demonstrated the effectiveness of reinforcement learning (RL)-based post-training for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). In particular, Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has shown…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Jinyoung Park , Jeehye Na , Jinyoung Kim , Hyunwoo J. Kim

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in solving complex mathematical problems, yet they still fall short of producing accurate and consistent solutions. Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a framework for aligning these models with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Ali Hatamizadeh , Shrimai Prabhumoye , Igor Gitman , Ximing Lu , Seungju Han , Wei Ping , Yejin Choi , Jan Kautz

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has recently shown strong performance in post-training large language models and vision-language models. It raises a question of whether the GRPO also significantly promotes the test-time adaptation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Yujun Li , Hongyuan Zhang , Yuan Yuan

Current post-training methodologies for adapting Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) generally fall into two paradigms: Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) and Reinforcement Learning (RL). Despite their prevalence, both approaches suffer from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yuming Yan , Kai Tang , Sihong Chen , Ke Xu , Dan Hu , Qun Yu , Pengfei Hu

Reinforcement fine-tuning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for equipping large vision-language models (LVLMs) with agentic capabilities such as tool use and multi-step reasoning. Despite striking empirical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Carter Adams , Rafael Oliveira , Gabriel Almeida , Sofia Torres

Post-training plays a crucial role in refining and aligning large language models to meet specific tasks and human preferences. While recent advancements in post-training techniques, such as Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO),…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Kaichen Zhang , Yuzhong Hong , Junwei Bao , Hongfei Jiang , Yang Song , Dingqian Hong , Hui Xiong

Unified multimodal pretraining has emerged as a promising paradigm for jointly modeling language and vision within a single foundation model. However, existing approaches largely rely on implicit or indirect alignment signals and remain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Shentong Mo , Sukmin Yun

Reinforcement learning (RL) has garnered increasing attention in text-to-image (T2I) generation. However, most existing RL approaches are tailored to either diffusion models or autoregressive models, overlooking an important alternative:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yifu Luo , Xinhao Hu , Keyu Fan , Haoyuan Sun , Zeyu Chen , Bo Xia , Tiantian Zhang , Yongzhe Chang , Xueqian Wang

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) was introduced and used recently for promoting reasoning in LLMs under verifiable (binary) rewards. We show that the mean + variance calibration of these rewards induces a weighted contrastive loss…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Youssef Mroueh

Recent advances in generative AI have revolutionized visual content creation, yet aligning model outputs with human preferences remains a critical challenge. While Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a promising approach for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Zeyue Xue , Jie Wu , Yu Gao , Fangyuan Kong , Lingting Zhu , Mengzhao Chen , Zhiheng Liu , Wei Liu , Qiushan Guo , Weilin Huang , Ping Luo

Recently, reinforcement learning (RL)-based tuning has shifted the trajectory of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), particularly following the introduction of Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO). However, directly applying it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Wenhui Zhu , Xuanzhao Dong , Xin Li , Peijie Qiu , Xiwen Chen , Abolfazl Razi , Aris Sotiras , Yi Su , Yalin Wang

Training robust and generalizable reward models for human visual preferences is essential for aligning text-to-image and text-to-video generative models with human intent. However, current reward models often fail to generalize, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Alexander Gambashidze , Li Pengyi , Matvey Skripkin , Andrey Galichin , Anton Gusarov , Konstantin Sobolev , Andrey Kuznetsov , Ivan Oseledets
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