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Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable progress, yet their large scale often renders them impractical for resource-constrained environments. This paper introduces Unified Reinforcement and Imitation Learning (RIL), a novel…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Byung-Kwan Lee , Ryo Hachiuma , Yong Man Ro , Yu-Chiang Frank Wang , Yueh-Hua Wu

Value-function-based methods have long played an important role in reinforcement learning. However, finding the best next action given a value function of arbitrary complexity is nontrivial when the action space is too large for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Arthur Delarue , Ross Anderson , Christian Tjandraatmadja

Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms can suffer from poor sample efficiency when rewards are delayed and sparse. We introduce a solution that enables agents to learn temporally extended actions at multiple levels of abstraction in a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-11 Andrew Levy , Robert Platt , Kate Saenko

One of the main challenges in real-world reinforcement learning is to learn successfully from limited training samples. We show that in certain settings, the available data can be dramatically increased through a form of multi-task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-19 Desmond Cai , Shiau Hong Lim , Laura Wynter

Continual learning (CL) has been a critical topic in contemporary deep neural network applications, where higher levels of both forward and backward transfer are desirable for an effective CL performance. Existing CL strategies primarily…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Yanru Wu , Jianning Wang , Xiangyu Chen , Enming Zhang , Yang Tan , Hanbing Liu , Yang Li

In principle, meta-reinforcement learning algorithms leverage experience across many tasks to learn fast reinforcement learning (RL) strategies that transfer to similar tasks. However, current meta-RL approaches rely on manually-defined…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-12-10 Allan Jabri , Kyle Hsu , Ben Eysenbach , Abhishek Gupta , Sergey Levine , Chelsea Finn

Effective tool use is essential for large language models (LLMs) to interact with their environment. However, progress is limited by the lack of efficient reinforcement learning (RL) frameworks specifically designed for tool use, due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Junjie Ye , Changhao Jiang , Zhengyin Du , Yufei Xu , Xuesong Yao , Zhiheng Xi , Xiaoran Fan , Qi Zhang , Tao Gui , Xuanjing Huang , Jiecao Chen

The ability of artificial agents to increment their capabilities when confronted with new data is an open challenge in artificial intelligence. The main challenge faced in such cases is catastrophic forgetting, i.e., the tendency of neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Eden Belouadah , Adrian Popescu , Ioannis Kanellos

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms typically start tabula rasa, without any prior knowledge of the environment, and without any prior skills. This however often leads to low sample efficiency, requiring a large amount of interaction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-13 Matthias Hutsebaut-Buysse , Kevin Mets , Steven Latré

As models grow larger and training them becomes expensive, it becomes increasingly important to scale training recipes not just to larger models and more data, but to do so in a compute-optimal manner that extracts maximal performance per…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Preston Fu , Oleh Rybkin , Zhiyuan Zhou , Michal Nauman , Pieter Abbeel , Sergey Levine , Aviral Kumar

Recent work has found that multi-task training with a large number of diverse tasks can uniformly improve downstream performance on unseen target tasks. In contrast, literature on task transferability has established that the choice of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-13 Vishakh Padmakumar , Leonard Lausen , Miguel Ballesteros , Sheng Zha , He He , George Karypis

Recent studies on online reinforcement learning (RL) have demonstrated the advantages of learning multiple behaviors from a single task, as in the case of few-shot adaptation to a new environment. Although this approach is expected to yield…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Takayuki Osa , Tatsuya Harada

In curriculum reinforcement learning (CRL), an agent incrementally accumulates knowledge over a sequence of tasks (i.e., a curriculum), and the learning process is aimed at using the accumulated knowledge to finally solve a challenging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Yongyan Wen , Siyuan Li , Mingjian Fu , Yiqin Yang , Xun Wang , Peng Liu

Deep Reinforcement Learning has enabled the learning of policies for complex tasks in partially observable environments, without explicitly learning the underlying model of the tasks. While such model-free methods achieve considerable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-01-11 Tanmay Shankar , Santosha K. Dwivedy , Prithwijit Guha

Recent progress in Reinforcement Learning (RL) provides a principled approach to optimizing Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models, facilitating a shift from trajectory imitation to active learning in the task environment. Despite improvements…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Sixu Lin , Yunpeng Qing , Litao Liu , Ming Zhou , Ruixing Jin , Xiaoyi Fan , Guiliang Liu

Reinforcement learning (RL) commonly relies on scalar rewards with limited ability to express temporal, conditional, or safety-critical goals, and can lead to reward hacking. Temporal logic expressible via the more general class of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Dominik Wagner , Leon Witzman , Luke Ong

Goal-conditioned and Multi-Task Reinforcement Learning (GCRL and MTRL) address numerous problems related to robot learning, including locomotion, navigation, and manipulation scenarios. Recent works focusing on language-defined robotic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Julien Perez , Denys Proux , Claude Roux , Michael Niemaz

A major challenge of reinforcement learning (RL) in real-world applications is the variation between environments, tasks or clients. Meta-RL (MRL) addresses this issue by learning a meta-policy that adapts to new tasks. Standard MRL methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Ido Greenberg , Shie Mannor , Gal Chechik , Eli Meirom

How does the amount of compute available to a reinforcement learning (RL) policy affect its learning? Can policies using a fixed amount of parameters, still benefit from additional compute? The standard RL framework does not provide a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Raj Ghugare , Michał Bortkiewicz , Alicja Ziarko , Benjamin Eysenbach

Reinforcement Learning (RL) provides a framework in which agents can be trained, via trial and error, to solve complex decision-making problems. Learning with little supervision causes RL methods to require large amounts of data, rendering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Sergio A. Serrano , Jose Martinez-Carranza , L. Enrique Sucar