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Neural contextual biasing effectively improves automatic speech recognition (ASR) for crucial phrases within a speaker's context, particularly those that are infrequent in the training data. This work proposes contextual text injection…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Zhong Meng , Zelin Wu , Rohit Prabhavalkar , Cal Peyser , Weiran Wang , Nanxin Chen , Tara N. Sainath , Bhuvana Ramabhadran

We propose a novel approach to semi-supervised automatic speech recognition (ASR). We first exploit a large amount of unlabeled audio data via representation learning, where we reconstruct a temporal slice of filterbank features from past…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-15 Shaoshi Ling , Yuzong Liu , Julian Salazar , Katrin Kirchhoff

Fast contextual adaptation has shown to be effective in improving Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) of rare words and when combined with an on-device personalized training, it can yield an even better recognition result. However, the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-08 Tsendsuren Munkhdalai , Khe Chai Sim , Angad Chandorkar , Fan Gao , Mason Chua , Trevor Strohman , Françoise Beaufays

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems often encounter difficulties in accurately recognizing rare words, leading to errors that can have a negative impact on downstream tasks such as keyword spotting, intent detection, and text…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Jiajun He , Zekun Yang , Tomoki Toda

We present a first large-scale public synthetic dataset for contextual spellchecking customization of automatic speech recognition (ASR) with focus on diverse rare and out-of-vocabulary (OOV) phrases, such as proper names or terms. The…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-02 Alexandra Antonova

Large language model (LLM)-based automatic speech recognition (ASR) has recently achieved strong performance across diverse tasks, yet contextual biasing for named entities and hotwords under large vocabularies remains challenging. In this…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-29 YuXiang Kong , JunFeng Hou , Jian Tang , Bingqing Zhu , Jicheng Zhang , Shaofei Xue

Statistical language models (LM) play a key role in Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems used by conversational agents. These ASR systems should provide a high accuracy under a variety of speaking styles, domains, vocabulary and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-12-12 Anirudh Raju , Behnam Hedayatnia , Linda Liu , Ankur Gandhe , Chandra Khatri , Angeliki Metallinou , Anu Venkatesh , Ariya Rastrow

General-purpose automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems do not always perform well in goal-oriented dialogue. Existing ASR correction methods rely on prior user data or named entities. We extend correction to tasks that have no prior…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Yuya Asano , Sabit Hassan , Paras Sharma , Anthony Sicilia , Katherine Atwell , Diane Litman , Malihe Alikhani

Recently, self-supervised pre-training has gained success in automatic speech recognition (ASR). However, considering the difference between speech accents in real scenarios, how to identify accents and use accent features to improve ASR is…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-16 Keqi Deng , Songjun Cao , Long Ma

In real-world applications, automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems must handle overlapping speech from multiple speakers and recognize rare words like technical terms. Traditional methods address multi-talker ASR and contextual biasing…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-17 Jiajun He , Naoki Sawada , Koichi Miyazaki , Tomoki Toda

Contextualized ASR models have been demonstrated to effectively improve the recognition accuracy of uncommon phrases when a predefined phrase list is available. However, these models often struggle with bilingual settings, which are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Xucheng Wan , Naijun Zheng , Kai Liu , Huan Zhou

Contextual-LAS (CLAS) has been shown effective in improving Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) of rare words. It relies on phrase-level contextual modeling and attention-based relevance scoring without explicit contextual constraint which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Mengzhi Wang , Shifu Xiong , Genshun Wan , Hang Chen , Jianqing Gao , Lirong Dai

We develop a large language model (LLM) based automatic speech recognition (ASR) system that can be contextualized by providing keywords as prior information in text prompts. We adopt decoder-only architecture and use our in-house LLM,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-14 Kento Nozawa , Takashi Masuko , Toru Taniguchi

End-to-End Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) has advanced significantly yet still struggles with rare and domain-specific entities. This paper introduces a simple yet efficient prompt-based biasing technique for contextualized ASR,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-21 Bo Ren , Yu Shi , Jinyu Li

Single-word Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) is a challenging task due to the lack of linguistic context and sensitivity to noise, pronunciation variation, and channel artifacts, especially in low-resource, communication-critical domains…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Manali Sharma , Riya Naik , Buvaneshwari G

By incorporating additional contextual information, deep biasing methods have emerged as a promising solution for speech recognition of personalized words. However, for real-world voice assistants, always biasing on such personalized words…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Tianyi Xu , Zhanheng Yang , Kaixun Huang , Pengcheng Guo , Ao Zhang , Biao Li , Changru Chen , Chao Li , Lei Xie

In this paper, we propose a Guided Attention (GA) auxiliary training loss, which improves the effectiveness and robustness of automatic speech recognition (ASR) contextual biasing without introducing additional parameters. A common…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Jiyang Tang , Kwangyoun Kim , Suwon Shon , Felix Wu , Prashant Sridhar , Shinji Watanabe

We consider the problem of recognizing speech utterances spoken to a device which is generating a known sound waveform; for example, recognizing queries issued to a digital assistant which is generating responses to previous user inputs.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-03 Nathan Howard , Alex Park , Turaj Zakizadeh Shabestary , Alexander Gruenstein , Rohit Prabhavalkar

Although contextualized automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems are commonly used to improve the recognition of uncommon words, their effectiveness is hindered by the inherent limitations of speech-text data availability. To address this…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Naijun Zheng , Xucheng Wan , Kai Liu , Ziqing Du , Zhou Huan

Personalization of automatic speech recognition (ASR) models is a widely studied topic because of its many practical applications. Most recently, attention-based contextual biasing techniques are used to improve the recognition of rare…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Sai Muralidhar Jayanthi , Devang Kulshreshtha , Saket Dingliwal , Srikanth Ronanki , Sravan Bodapati