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Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) has become a foundation model and has been applied to various vision and multimodal tasks. However, recent works indicate that CLIP falls short in distinguishing detailed differences in images…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Yinqi Li , Jiahe Zhao , Hong Chang , Ruibing Hou , Shiguang Shan , Xilin Chen

Most existing Vision-and-Language (V&L) models rely on pre-trained visual encoders, using a relatively small set of manually-annotated data (as compared to web-crawled data), to perceive the visual world. However, it has been observed that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-15 Sheng Shen , Liunian Harold Li , Hao Tan , Mohit Bansal , Anna Rohrbach , Kai-Wei Chang , Zhewei Yao , Kurt Keutzer

While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have experienced rapid advancements, their visual encoders frequently remain a performance bottleneck. Conventional CLIP-based encoders struggle with dense spatial tasks due to the loss of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Peisen Zhao , Xiaopeng Zhang , Mingxing Xu , Ruoyu Sun , Zewei Du , Dunzheng Wang , Guanghao Zheng , Haohang Xu , Zhibo Zhang , Yuhang Zhang , Yi Ai , Lin Liu , Qi Tian

Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) has been a celebrated method for training vision encoders to generate image/text representations facilitating various applications. Recently, CLIP has been widely adopted as the vision backbone…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Hong-You Chen , Zhengfeng Lai , Haotian Zhang , Xinze Wang , Marcin Eichner , Keen You , Meng Cao , Bowen Zhang , Yinfei Yang , Zhe Gan

The Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have activated the capabilitiesof Large Language Models (LLMs) in solving visual-language tasks by integratingvisual information. The prevailing approach in existing MLLMs involvesemploying an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Tianxiang Wu , Minxin Nie , Ziqiang Cao

Vision-language pre-training like CLIP has shown promising performance on various downstream tasks such as zero-shot image classification and image-text retrieval. Most of the existing CLIP-alike works usually adopt relatively large image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Ying Nie , Wei He , Kai Han , Yehui Tang , Tianyu Guo , Fanyi Du , Yunhe Wang

In this paper, we propose UniLIP, a unified framework that adapts CLIP for multimodal understanding, generation and editing. Although CLIP excels at understanding, it lacks reconstruction abilities required to be a unified visual encoder.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Hao Tang , Chenwei Xie , Xiaoyi Bao , Tingyu Weng , Pandeng Li , Yun Zheng , Liwei Wang

Multi-modal foundation models like OpenFlamingo, LLaVA, and GPT-4 are increasingly used for various real-world tasks. Prior work has shown that these models are highly vulnerable to adversarial attacks on the vision modality. These attacks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Christian Schlarmann , Naman Deep Singh , Francesco Croce , Matthias Hein

The architecture of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) commonly connects a vision encoder, often based on CLIP-ViT, to a large language model. While CLIP-ViT works well for capturing global image features, it struggles to model local…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Haoran Lou , Chunxiao Fan , Ziyan Liu , Yuexin Wu , Xinliang Wang

Vision Language Models (VLMs), which extend Large Language Models (LLM) by incorporating visual understanding capability, have demonstrated significant advancements in addressing open-ended visual question-answering (VQA) tasks. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Wenbo Hu , Yifan Xu , Yi Li , Weiyue Li , Zeyuan Chen , Zhuowen Tu

There are a thousand ways to caption an image. Contrastive Language Pretraining (CLIP) on the other hand, works by mapping an image and its caption to a single vector -- limiting how well CLIP-like models can represent the diverse ways to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Samuel Lavoie , Polina Kirichenko , Mark Ibrahim , Mahmoud Assran , Andrew Gordon Wilson , Aaron Courville , Nicolas Ballas

In this paper we deal with image classification tasks using the powerful CLIP vision-language model. Our goal is to advance the classification performance using the CLIP's image encoder, by proposing a novel Large Multimodal Model (LMM)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Maria Tzelepi , Vasileios Mezaris

Previous works show that noisy, web-crawled image-text pairs may limit vision-language pretraining like CLIP and propose learning with synthetic captions as a promising alternative. Our work continues this effort, introducing two simple yet…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Yanqing Liu , Xianhang Li , Zeyu Wang , Bingchen Zhao , Cihang Xie

Despite the remarkable success of the LLaVA architecture for vision-language tasks, its design inherently struggles to effectively integrate visual features due to the inherent mismatch between text and vision modalities. We tackle this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Dongwan Kim , Viresh Ranjan , Takashi Nagata , Arnab Dhua , Amit Kumar K C

Currently, the most dominant approach to establishing language-image alignment is to pre-train text and image encoders jointly through contrastive learning, such as CLIP and its variants. In this work, we question whether such a costly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Jingfeng Yang , Ziyang Wu , Yue Zhao , Yi Ma

Hallucinations in vision-language models (VLMs) hinder reliability and real-world applicability, usually stemming from distribution shifts between pretraining data and test samples. Existing solutions, such as retraining or fine-tuning on…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Fei Zhao , Chengcui Zhang , Runlin Zhang , Tianyang Wang , Xi Li

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) leverage aligned visual encoders to transform images into visual tokens, allowing them to be processed similarly to text by the backbone large language model (LLM). This unified input paradigm enables VLMs to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Bangzheng Li , Fei Wang , Wenxuan Zhou , Nan Xu , Ben Zhou , Sheng Zhang , Hoifung Poon , Muhao Chen

While the Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining(CLIP) model has achieved remarkable success in a variety of downstream vison language understanding tasks, enhancing its capability for fine-grained image-text alignment remains an active…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Yicheng Xiao , Yu Chen , Haoxuan Ma , Jiale Hong , Caorui Li , Lingxiang Wu , Haiyun Guo , Jinqiao Wang

Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) models have shown significant potential, particularly in zero-shot classification across diverse distribution shifts. Building on existing evaluations of overall classification robustness, this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Weijie Tu , Weijian Deng , Tom Gedeon

Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining (CLIP) achieves strong generalization in vision-language tasks by aligning images and texts in a shared embedding space. However, recent findings show that CLIP-like models still underutilize…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Weiheng Zhao , Zilong Huang , Jiashi Feng , Xinggang Wang