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Decentralized social media protocols enable users in independent, user-hosted servers (i.e., instances) to interact with each other while they self-govern. This community-based model of social media governance opens up new opportunities for…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Sohyeon Hwang , Priyanka Nanayakkara , Yan Shvartzshnaider

Decentralized online social networks have evolved from experimental stages to operating at unprecedented scale, with broader adoption and more active use than ever before. Platforms like Mastodon, Bluesky, Hive, and Nostr have seen notable…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Ujun Jeong , Lynnette Hui Xian Ng , Kathleen M. Carley , Huan Liu

Many have criticized the centralized and unaccountable governance of prominent online social platforms, leading to renewed interest in platform governance that incorporates multiple centers of power. Decentralization of power can arise…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-10-02 Shagun Jhaver , Seth Frey , Amy Zhang

The overreaches of mainstream social media platforms have been extensively reported and studied. For activist communities, these platforms pose risks of surveillance, censorship, or erasure. Decentralized social networks (DSNs) serve as…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Sybille Légitime , Harini Suresh

Web 3.0 focuses on the decentralization of the internet and creating a system of interconnected and independent computers for improved privacy and security. We extend the idea of the decentralization of the web to the social media space:…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Lynnette Hui Xian Ng , Samantha C. Phillips , Kathleen M. Carley

The NOSTR is a communication protocol for the social web, based on the w3c websockets standard. Although it is still in its infancy, it is well known as a social media protocol, with thousands of trusted users and multiple user interfaces,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Konstantinos E. Nikolakakis , George Chantzialexiou , Dionysis Kalogerias

Decentralized architecture offers a robust and flexible structure for online platforms, since centralized moderation and computation can be easy to disrupt with targeted attacks. However, a platform offering a decentralized architecture…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Milo Z. Trujillo , Laurent Hébert-Dufresne , James Bagrow

The pitfalls of centralized social networks, such as Facebook and Twitter/X, have led to concerns about control, transparency, and accountability. Decentralized social networks have emerged as a result with the goal of empowering users.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Leonhard Balduf , Saidu Sokoto , Onur Ascigil , Gareth Tyson , Björn Scheuermann , Maciej Korczyński , Ignacio Castro , Michał Król

International coordination faces significant friction due to reliance on periodic summits, bilateral consultations, and fragmented communication channels that impede rapid collective responses to emerging global challenges while limiting…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Christopher J. P. Rieckmann

Decentralized social networks like Mastodon and BlueSky are trending topics that have drawn much attention and discussion in recent years. By devolving powers from the central node to the end users, decentralized social networks aim to cure…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Tao Huang

Bluesky is a new social network built upon the AT Protocol, a decentralized foundation for public social media. It was launched in private beta in February 2023, and has grown to over 10 million registered users by October 2024. In this…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Martin Kleppmann , Paul Frazee , Jake Gold , Jay Graber , Daniel Holmgren , Devin Ivy , Jeromy Johnson , Bryan Newbold , Jaz Volpert

Mainstream social media platforms function as "walled garden" ecosystems that restrict user agency, control, and data portability. They have demonstrated a lack of transparency that contributes to a multitude of online harms. Our research…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Aditya Surve , Aneesh Shamraj , Swapneel Mehta

Decentralizing the governance of social computing systems to communities promises to empower them to make independent decisions, with nuance and in accordance with their values. Yet, communities do not govern in isolation. Many problems…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Sohyeon Hwang , Sophie Rollins , Thatiany Andrade Nunes , Yuhan Liu , Richmond Wong , Aaron Shaw , Andrés Monroy-Hernández

Conventional online social networks (OSNs) are implemented in a centralized manner. Although centralization is a convenient way for implementing OSNs, it has several well known drawbacks. Chief among them are the risks they pose to the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2014-04-08 Zhe Wang , Naftaly H. Minsky

This paper examines the potential of the Fediverse, a federated network of social media and content platforms, to counter the centralization and dominance of commercial platforms on the social Web. We gather evidence from the technology…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Henrique S. Xavier

Centralized social media platforms are currently experiencing a shift in user engagement, drawing attention to alternative paradigms like Decentralized Online Social Networks (DOSNs). The rising popularity of DOSNs finds its root in the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Lucio La Cava , Domenico Mandaglio , Andrea Tagarelli

Frontier models are currently developed and distributed primarily through two channels: centralized proprietary APIs or open-sourcing of pre-trained weights. We identify a third paradigm - Protocol Learning - where models are trained across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Alexander Long

Twitter may be considered as a decentralized social information processing platform whose users constantly receive their followees' information feeds, which they may in turn dispatch to their followers. This decentralization is not devoid…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-04-27 Agathe Baltzer , Márton Karsai , Camille Roth

Community-level blocklists are key to content moderation practices in decentralized social media. These blocklists enable moderators to prevent other communities, such as those acting in bad faith, from interacting with their own -- and, if…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Owen Xingjian Zhang , Sohyeon Hwang , Yuhan Liu , Manoel Horta Ribeiro , Andrés Monroy-Hernández

This paper aims to provide a new perspective on the interplay between decentralization -- a prevalent character of multi-agent systems -- and centralization, i.e., the task of imposing central control to meet system-level goals. In…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Yiping Liu , Jiamou Liu , Bakhadyr Khoussaino , Miao Qiao , Bo Yan
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