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Directed acyclic graph (DAG) has been widely employed to represent directional relationships among a set of collected nodes. Yet, the available data in one single study is often limited for accurate DAG reconstruction, whereas heterogeneous…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-17 Mingyang Ren , Xin He , Junhui Wang

We introduce a novel class of labeled directed acyclic graph (LDAG) models for finite sets of discrete variables. LDAGs generalize earlier proposals for allowing local structures in the conditional probability distribution of a node, such…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-11-12 Johan Pensar , Henrik Nyman , Timo Koski , Jukka Corander

Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are a popular framework to express multivariate probability distributions. Acyclic directed mixed graphs (ADMGs) are generalizations of DAGs that can succinctly capture much richer sets of conditional…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2010-09-01 Ricardo Silva , Charles Blundell , Yee Whye Teh

Directed acyclic graphical (DAG) models are a powerful tool for representing causal relationships among jointly distributed random variables, especially concerning data from across different experimental settings. However, it is not always…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-03 Francisco Madaleno , Pratik Misra , Alex Markham

Recently directed acyclic graph (DAG) structure learning is formulated as a constrained continuous optimization problem with continuous acyclicity constraints and was solved iteratively through subproblem optimization. To further improve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Yue Yu , Tian Gao , Naiyu Yin , Qiang Ji

This paper considers the problem of estimating the structure of multiple related directed acyclic graph (DAG) models. Building on recent developments in exact estimation of DAGs using integer linear programming (ILP), we present an ILP…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-11-13 Chris J. Oates , Jim Q. Smith , Sach Mukherjee , James Cussens

We consider the problem of learning the underlying causal structure among a set of variables, which are assumed to follow a Bayesian network or, more specifically, a linear recursive structural equation model (SEM) with the associated…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-08-05 Anamitra Chaudhuri , Anirban Bhattacharya , Yang Ni

Directed Acyclic Graphical (DAG) models efficiently formulate causal relationships in complex systems. Traditional DAGs assume nodes to be scalar variables, characterizing complex systems under a facile and oversimplified form. This paper…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-04-23 Tian Lan , Ziyue Li , Junpeng Lin , Zhishuai Li , Lei Bai , Man Li , Fugee Tsung , Rui Zhao , Chen Zhang

Learning the structure of causal directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) is useful in many areas of machine learning and artificial intelligence, with wide applications. However, in the high-dimensional setting, it is challenging to obtain good…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-27 Stephen Smith , Qing Zhou

There has been a growing interest in causal learning in recent years. Commonly used representations of causal structures, including Bayesian networks and structural equation models (SEM), take the form of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Pavel Rytir , Ales Wodecki , Jakub Marecek

Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are used for modeling causal relationships, dependencies, and flows in various systems. However, spectral analysis becomes impractical in this setting because the eigendecomposition of the adjacency matrix…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Ljubisa Stankovic , Milos Dakovic , Ali Bagheri Bardi , Milos Brajovic , Isidora Stankovic

We give methods for Bayesian inference of directed acyclic graphs, DAGs, and the induced causal effects from passively observed complete data. Our methods build on a recent Markov chain Monte Carlo scheme for learning Bayesian networks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-19 Jussi Viinikka , Antti Hyttinen , Johan Pensar , Mikko Koivisto

An algorithm for generating the structure of a directed acyclic graph from data using the notion of causal input lists is presented. The algorithm manipulates the ordering of the variables with operations which very much resemble arc…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-03-25 Remco R. Bouckaert

In multivariate time series analysis, understanding the underlying causal relationships among variables is often of interest for various applications. Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) provide a powerful framework for representing causal…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-30 Arkaprava Roy , Anindya Roy , Subhashis Ghosal

Bayesian networks are probabilistic graphical models widely employed to understand dependencies in high dimensional data, and even to facilitate causal discovery. Learning the underlying network structure, which is encoded as a directed…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-03 Jack Kuipers , Polina Suter , Giusi Moffa

We study a family of regularized score-based estimators for learning the structure of a directed acyclic graph (DAG) for a multivariate normal distribution from high-dimensional data with $p\gg n$. Our main results establish support…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-10-03 Bryon Aragam , Arash A. Amini , Qing Zhou

We present a novel perspective and algorithm for learning directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) from data generated by a linear structural equation model (SEM). First, we show that a linear SEM can be viewed as a linear transform that, in prior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Panagiotis Misiakos , Chris Wendler , Markus Püschel

This work addresses the problem of learning directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) from nodal observations generated by a linear structural equation model. DAG learning is a central task in signal processing, machine learning, and causal inference,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Samuel Rey , Madeline navarro , Gonzalo Mateos

Assuming a directed acyclic graph (DAG) that represents prior knowledge of causal relationships between variables is a common starting point for cause-effect estimation. Existing literature typically invokes hypothetical domain expert…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-11 Kirtan Padh , Zhufeng Li , Cecilia Casolo , Niki Kilbertus

Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) are central to uncovering causal structure in complex systems, yet learning a single DAG from data is often challenging: model uncertainty, finite samples, and a combinatorially large search space frequently…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-19 Yunan Wu , Yue Wang , Chunlin Li , Chenglong Ye