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The Neural Contextual Reinforcement Framework introduces an innovative approach to enhancing the logical coherence and structural consistency of text generated by large language models. Leveraging reinforcement learning principles, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Marcus Irvin , William Cooper , Edward Hughes , Jessica Morgan , Christopher Hamilton

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made extraordinary progress in the field of Artificial Intelligence and have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a large variety of tasks and domains. However, as we venture closer to creating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Brandon Kynoch , Hugo Latapie , Dwane van der Sluis

Memorization is a fundamental ability of Transformer-based Large Language Models, achieved through learning. In this paper, we propose a paradigm shift by designing an architecture to memorize text directly, bearing in mind the principle…

In this work, we propose a novel method to incorporate corpus-level discourse information into language modelling. We call this larger-context language model. We introduce a late fusion approach to a recurrent language model based on long…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-12-29 Tian Wang , Kyunghyun Cho

Large Language Models (LLMs) are often evaluated against ideals of perfect Bayesian inference, yet growing evidence suggests that their in-context reasoning exhibits systematic forgetting of past information. Rather than viewing this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Alexandros Christoforos

Memory enables Large Language Model (LLM) agents to perceive, store, and use information from past dialogues, which is essential for personalization. However, existing methods fail to properly model the temporal dimension of memory in two…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Miao Su , Yucan Guo , Zhongni Hou , Long Bai , Zixuan Li , Yufei Zhang , Guojun Yin , Wei Lin , Xiaolong Jin , Jiafeng Guo , Xueqi Cheng

Token prediction stability remains a challenge in autoregressive generative models, where minor variations in early inference steps often lead to significant semantic drift over extended sequences. A structured modulation mechanism was…

Large language model (LLM) based multi-turn dialogue systems often struggle to track dependencies across non-adjacent turns, undermining both consistency and scalability. As conversations lengthen, essential information becomes sparse and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Renning Pang , Tian Lan , Leyuan Liu , Xiaoming Huang , Piao Tong , Xiaosong Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant progress in open-ended dialogue, yet their inability to retain and retrieve relevant information from long-term interactions limits their effectiveness in applications requiring sustained…

Recent dialogue approaches operate by reading each word in a conversation history, and aggregating accrued dialogue information into a single state. This fixed-size vector is not expandable and must maintain a consistent format over time.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-24 David Donahue , Yuanliang Meng , Anna Rumshisky

Transformer-based language models (LMs) track contextual information through large, hard-coded input windows. We introduce MemoryPrompt, a leaner approach in which the LM is complemented by a small auxiliary recurrent network that passes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Nathanaël Carraz Rakotonirina , Marco Baroni

Long-term memory (LTM) is essential for large language models (LLMs) to achieve autonomous intelligence in complex, evolving environments. Despite increasing efforts in memory-augmented and retrieval-based architectures, there remains a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Luanbo Wan , Weizhi Ma

Transformer-based architectures have become the prevailing backbone of large language models. However, the quadratic time and memory complexity of self-attention remains a fundamental obstacle to efficient long-context modeling. To address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yutao Sun , Zhenyu Li , Yike Zhang , Tengyu Pan , Bowen Dong , Yuyi Guo , Jianyong Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) represent a landmark achievement in Artificial Intelligence (AI), demonstrating unprecedented proficiency in procedural tasks such as text generation, code completion, and conversational coherence. These…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Schaun Wheeler , Olivier Jeunen

Effectively processing long contexts remains a fundamental yet unsolved challenge for large language models (LLMs). Existing single-LLM-based methods primarily reduce the context window or optimize the attention mechanism, but they often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Yichen Jiang , Jiakang Yuan , Chongjun Tu , Peng Ye , Tao Chen

Remembering important information from the past and continuing to talk about it in the present are crucial in long-term conversations. However, previous literature does not deal with cases where the memorized information is outdated, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Sanghwan Bae , Donghyun Kwak , Soyoung Kang , Min Young Lee , Sungdong Kim , Yuin Jeong , Hyeri Kim , Sang-Woo Lee , Woomyoung Park , Nako Sung

The organization of latent knowledge within large-scale models poses unique challenges when addressing overlapping representations and optimizing contextual accuracy. Conceptual redundancies embedded across layers often result in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Joseph Sakau , Evander Kozlowski , Roderick Thistledown , Basil Steinberger

Dialogue management (DM) decides the next action of a dialogue system according to the current dialogue state, and thus plays a central role in task-oriented dialogue systems. Since dialogue management requires to have access to not only…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-14 Zheng Zhang , Minlie Huang , Zhongzhou Zhao , Feng Ji , Haiqing Chen , Xiaoyan Zhu

Recurrent Neural Networks with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) make use of gating mechanisms to mitigate exploding and vanishing gradients when learning long-term dependencies. For this reason, LSTMs and other gated RNNs are widely adopted,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Federico Landi , Lorenzo Baraldi , Marcella Cornia , Rita Cucchiara

Equipping large language models (LLMs) with latent-space memory has attracted increasing attention as they can extend the context window of existing language models. However, retaining information from the distant past remains a challenge.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Yu Wang , Dmitry Krotov , Yuanzhe Hu , Yifan Gao , Wangchunshu Zhou , Julian McAuley , Dan Gutfreund , Rogerio Feris , Zexue He