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Related papers: Causal-PIK: Causality-based Physical Reasoning wit…

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Predicting and enhancing inherent properties based on molecular structures is paramount to design tasks in medicine, materials science, and environmental management. Most of the current machine learning and deep learning approaches have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Zachary R. Fox , Ayana Ghosh

Large-scale, pre-trained language models (LMs) have achieved human-level performance on a breadth of language understanding tasks. However, evaluations only based on end task performance shed little light on machines' true ability in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-11 Shane Storks , Qiaozi Gao , Yichi Zhang , Joyce Chai

Causal fairness in databases is crucial to preventing biased and inaccurate outcomes in downstream tasks. While most prior work assumes a known causal model, recent efforts relax this assumption by enforcing additional constraints. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Ying Zheng , Yangfan Jiang , Kian-Lee Tan

True intelligence hinges on the ability to uncover and leverage hidden causal relations. Despite significant progress in AI and computer vision (CV), there remains a lack of benchmarks for assessing models' abilities to infer latent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Disheng Liu , Yiran Qiao , Wuche Liu , Yiren Lu , Yunlai Zhou , Tuo Liang , Yu Yin , Jing Ma

Causality knowledge is vital to building robust AI systems. Deep learning models often perform poorly on tasks that require causal reasoning, which is often derived using some form of commonsense knowledge not immediately available in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-23 Aman Chadha , Vinija Jain

Causal discovery is challenging in general dynamical systems because, without strong structural assumptions, the underlying causal graph may not be identifiable even from interventional data. However, many real-world systems exhibit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Panayiotis Panayiotou , Özgür Şimşek

Information geometry has offered a way to formally study the efficacy of scientific models by quantifying the impact of model parameters on the predicted effects. However, there has been little formal investigation of causation in this…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-01-12 Pavel Chvykov , Erik Hoel

Today's robots attempt to learn new tasks by imitating human examples. These robots watch the human complete the task, and then try to match the actions taken by the human expert. However, this standard approach to visual imitation learning…

We study the problem of causal discovery through targeted interventions. Starting from few observational measurements, we follow a Bayesian active learning approach to perform those experiments which, in expectation with respect to the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-10 Julius von Kügelgen , Paul K Rubenstein , Bernhard Schölkopf , Adrian Weller

Complex adaptive agents consistently achieve their goals by solving problems that seem to require an understanding of causal information, information pertaining to the causal relationships that exist among elements of combined…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Filippo Torresan , Manuel Baltieri

Predicting the future is an important component of decision making. In most situations, however, there is not enough information to make accurate predictions. In this paper, we develop a theory of causal reasoning for predictive inference…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-10 Thomas L. Dean , Keiji Kanazawa

Understanding causes and effects in mechanical systems is an essential component of reasoning in the physical world. This work poses a new problem of counterfactual learning of object mechanics from visual input. We develop the CoPhy…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-08 Fabien Baradel , Natalia Neverova , Julien Mille , Greg Mori , Christian Wolf

Humans effortlessly navigate the physical world by predicting how objects behave under gravity and contact forces, yet how such judgments support sequential physical planning under resource constraints remains poorly understood. Research on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Ruihong Shen , Shiqian Li , Yixin Zhu

Recent work has discussed the limitations of counterfactual explanations to recommend actions for algorithmic recourse, and argued for the need of taking causal relationships between features into consideration. Unfortunately, in practice,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Amir-Hossein Karimi , Julius von Kügelgen , Bernhard Schölkopf , Isabel Valera

Normative and task-driven theories offer powerful top-down explanations for biological systems, yet the goals of quantitatively arbitrating between competing theories, and utilizing them as inductive biases to improve data-driven fits of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Bahti Zakirov , Gašper Tkačik

Whilst the partial differential equations that govern the dynamics of our world have been studied in great depth for centuries, solving them for complex, high-dimensional conditions and domains still presents an incredibly large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Edward Small

Pearl's do calculus is a complete axiomatic approach to learn the identifiable causal effects from observational data. When such an effect is not identifiable, it is necessary to perform a collection of often costly interventions in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Sina Akbari , Jalal Etesami , Negar Kiyavash

Feature selection is a crucial preprocessing step in data analytics and machine learning. Classical feature selection algorithms select features based on the correlations between predictive features and the class variable and do not attempt…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Kui Yu , Xianjie Guo , Lin Liu , Jiuyong Li , Hao Wang , Zhaolong Ling , Xindong Wu

Referring medical image segmentation targets delineating lesions indicated by textual descriptions. Aligning visual and textual cues is challenging due to their distinct data properties. Inspired by large-scale pre-trained vision-language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Yaxiong Chen , Minghong Wei , Zixuan Zheng , Jingliang Hu , Yilei Shi , Shengwu Xiong , Xiao Xiang Zhu , Lichao Mou

While current vision algorithms excel at many challenging tasks, it is unclear how well they understand the physical dynamics of real-world environments. Here we introduce Physion, a dataset and benchmark for rigorously evaluating the…