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Evaluating the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs) is challenging. Existing benchmarks often depend on static datasets, which are vulnerable to data contamination and may get saturated over time, or on binary live human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Lanxiang Hu , Qiyu Li , Anze Xie , Nan Jiang , Ion Stoica , Haojian Jin , Hao Zhang

Geographic reasoning is a fundamental cognitive capability that requires models to infer plausible locations by synthesizing visual evidence with spatial world knowledge. Despite recent advances in large vision-language models (LVLMs),…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Pengyue Jia , Yingyi Zhang , Xiangyu Zhao , Sharon Li

Recent large language models (LLMs) have shown strong reasoning capabilities. However, a critical question remains: do these models possess genuine strategic reasoning, or do they primarily excel at pattern recognition? To address this, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Jincheng Liu , Sijun He , Jingjing Wu , Xiangsen Wang , Yang Chen , Zhaoqi Kuang , Siqi Bao , Yuan Yao

This paper introduces RuleArena, a novel and challenging benchmark designed to evaluate the ability of large language models (LLMs) to follow complex, real-world rules in reasoning. Covering three practical domains -- airline baggage fees,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Ruiwen Zhou , Wenyue Hua , Liangming Pan , Sitao Cheng , Xiaobao Wu , En Yu , William Yang Wang

Existing long-context benchmarks for Large Language Models (LLMs) focus on evaluating comprehension of long inputs, while overlooking the evaluation of long reasoning abilities. To address this gap, we introduce LongReasonArena, a benchmark…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Jiayu Ding , Shuming Ma , Lei Cui , Nanning Zheng , Furu Wei

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly serve as interactive social agents, yet their ability to maintain coherent and authentic persona-level role-playing remains limited, particularly in realistic social scenarios. Existing research…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Wenlong Shi , Jianxun Lian , Mingqi Wu , Haiming Qin , Mingyang Zhou , Xing Xie , Naipeng Chao , Hao Liao

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have revealed their potential for achieving autonomous agents possessing human-level intelligence. However, existing benchmarks for evaluating LLM Agents either use static datasets,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Junzhe Chen , Xuming Hu , Shuodi Liu , Shiyu Huang , Wei-Wei Tu , Zhaofeng He , Lijie Wen

The Game Reasoning Arena library provides a framework for evaluating the decision making abilities of large language models (LLMs) through strategic board games implemented in Google OpenSpiel library. The framework enables systematic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Lucia Cipolina-Kun , Marianna Nezhurina , Jenia Jitsev

Concepts serve as fundamental abstractions that support human reasoning and categorization. However, it remains unclear whether large language models truly capture such conceptual structures or primarily rely on surface-level pattern…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Shuhang Xu , Weijian Deng , Yixuan Zhou , Fangwei Zhong

The ability of large language models (LLMs) to mimic human-like intelligence has led to a surge in LLM-based autonomous agents. Though recent LLMs seem capable of planning and reasoning given user instructions, their effectiveness in…

TextArena is an open-source collection of competitive text-based games for training and evaluation of agentic behavior in Large Language Models (LLMs). It spans 57+ unique environments (including single-player, two-player, and multi-player…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Leon Guertler , Bobby Cheng , Simon Yu , Bo Liu , Leshem Choshen , Cheston Tan

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has catalyzed the development of autonomous agents capable of navigating complex environments. However, existing evaluations primarily adopt a deductive paradigm, where agents execute…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world fact-checking systems, yet existing evaluations focus predominantly on claim verification and overlook the broader fact-checking workflow, including claim extraction and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Hongzhan Lin , Zixin Chen , Zhiqi Shen , Ziyang Luo , Zhen Ye , Jing Ma , Tat-Seng Chua , Guandong Xu

Large language models (LLMs) have empowered intelligent agents to execute intricate tasks within domain-specific software such as browsers and games. However, when applied to general-purpose software systems like operating systems, LLM…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Mingzhe Xing , Rongkai Zhang , Hui Xue , Qi Chen , Fan Yang , Zhen Xiao

Large language models (LLMs) excel across many natural language processing tasks but face challenges in domain-specific, analytical tasks such as conducting research surveys. This study introduces ResearchArena, a benchmark designed to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Hao Kang , Chenyan Xiong

The emergence of groundbreaking large language models capable of performing complex reasoning tasks holds significant promise for addressing various scientific challenges, including those arising in complex clinical scenarios. To enable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Yakun Zhu , Zhongzhen Huang , Linjie Mu , Yutong Huang , Wei Nie , Jiaji Liu , Shaoting Zhang , Pengfei Liu , Xiaofan Zhang

Decision-making is a complex process requiring diverse abilities, making it an excellent framework for evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs). Researchers have examined LLMs' decision-making through the lens of Game Theory. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Jen-tse Huang , Eric John Li , Man Ho Lam , Tian Liang , Wenxuan Wang , Youliang Yuan , Wenxiang Jiao , Xing Wang , Zhaopeng Tu , Michael R. Lyu

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in providing scalable mental health support, while evaluating their counseling capability remains crucial to ensure both efficacy and safety. Existing evaluations are limited by the static…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Shijing Zhu , Zhuang Chen , Guanqun Bi , Binghang Li , Yaxi Deng , Dazhen Wan , Libiao Peng , Xiyao Xiao , Rongsheng Zhang , Tangjie Lv , Zhipeng Hu , FangFang Li , Minlie Huang

Understanding and reasoning on the large-scale scientific literature is a crucial touchstone for large language model (LLM) based agents. However, existing works are mainly restricted to tool-free tasks within single papers, largely due to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Daoyu Wang , Mingyue Cheng , Shuo Yu , Zirui Liu , Ze Guo , Xin Li , Qi Liu

The recent explosion of large language models (LLMs), each with its own general or specialized strengths, makes scalable, reliable benchmarking more urgent than ever. Standard practices nowadays face fundamental trade-offs: closed-ended…

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