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Scientific literature question answering is a pivotal step towards new scientific discoveries. Recently, \textit{two-stage} retrieval-augmented generated large language models (RAG-LLMs) have shown impressive advancements in this domain.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Haotian Chen , Qingqing Long , Meng Xiao , Xiao Luo , Wei Ju , Chengrui Wang , Xuezhi Wang , Yuanchun Zhou , Hengshu Zhu

Evaluating the quality of retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) and document reranking systems remains challenging due to the lack of scalable, user-centric, and multi-perspective evaluation tools. We introduce RankArena, a unified platform…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Abdelrahman Abdallah , Mahmoud Abdalla , Bhawna Piryani , Jamshid Mozafari , Mohammed Ali , Adam Jatowt

Reranking, the process of refining the output of a first-stage retriever, is often considered computationally expensive, especially with Large Language Models. Borrowing from recent advances in document compression for RAG, we reduce the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Hervé Déjean , Stéphane Clinchant

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in general domains but often struggle with tasks requiring specialized knowledge. Conventional Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) techniques typically retrieve external…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Yucheng Shi , Tianze Yang , Canyu Chen , Quanzheng Li , Tianming Liu , Xiang Li , Ninghao Liu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as an effective paradigm for expanding the knowledge capacity of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) by incorporating external knowledge sources into the generation process, and has been…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Xu Yuan , Liangbo Ning , Qingqing Ye , Wenqi Fan , Qing Li

As an effective method to boost the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) on the question answering (QA) task, Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), which queries highly relevant information from external complex documents, has…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Shu Wang , Yingli Zhou , Yixiang Fang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a powerful framework to improve factuality in large language models (LLMs) by grounding their outputs in retrieved documents. However, ensuring perfect retrieval of relevant information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Zhan Peng Lee , Andre Lin , Calvin Tan

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge, where the LLM's ability to generate responses based on the combination of a given query and retrieved documents is crucial.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Zhehao Tan , Yihan Jiao , Dan Yang , Lei Liu , Jie Feng , Duolin Sun , Yue Shen , Jian Wang , Peng Wei , Jinjie Gu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge sources, enabling more accurate and contextually relevant responses tailored to user queries. These systems, however, remain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Huichi Zhou , Kin-Hei Lee , Zhonghao Zhan , Yue Chen , Zhenhao Li , Zhaoyang Wang , Hamed Haddadi , Emine Yilmaz

Large Language Models (LLMs), although powerful in general domains, often perform poorly on domain-specific tasks such as medical question answering (QA). In addition, LLMs tend to function as "black-boxes", making it challenging to modify…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Yucheng Shi , Shaochen Xu , Tianze Yang , Zhengliang Liu , Tianming Liu , Quanzheng Li , Xiang Li , Ninghao Liu

We propose XRAG, a novel benchmark designed to evaluate the generation abilities of LLMs in cross-lingual Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) settings where the user language does not match the retrieval results. XRAG is constructed from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Wei Liu , Sony Trenous , Leonardo F. R. Ribeiro , Bill Byrne , Felix Hieber

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in data synthesis but can be inaccurate in domain-specific tasks, which retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems address by leveraging user-provided data. However, RAGs require optimization in both…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Kazi Ahmed Asif Fuad , Lizhong Chen

While Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) plays a crucial role in the application of Large Language Models (LLMs), existing retrieval methods in knowledge-dense domains like law and medicine still suffer from a lack of multi-perspective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Guanhua Chen , Wenhan Yu , Xiao Lu , Xiao Zhang , Erli Meng , Lei Sha

Large language models (LLMs) often struggle with knowledge intensive NLP tasks, such as answering "Who won the latest World Cup?" because the knowledge they learn during training may be insufficient or outdated. Conditioning generation on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Matthew Finlayson , Ilia Kulikov , Daniel M. Bikel , Barlas Oguz , Xilun Chen , Aasish Pappu

Retriever-augmented generation (RAG) has become a widely adopted approach for enhancing the factual accuracy of large language models (LLMs). While current benchmarks evaluate the performance of RAG methods from various perspectives, they…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Kepu Zhang , Zhongxiang Sun , Weijie Yu , Xiaoxue Zang , Kai Zheng , Yang Song , Han Li , Jun Xu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems using Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) show great promise for complex document understanding, yet their development is critically hampered by inadequate evaluation. Current benchmarks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Wenxuan Shen , Mingjia Wang , Yaochen Wang , Dongping Chen , Junjie Yang , Yao Wan , Weiwei Lin

Listwise reranking is a key yet computationally expensive component in vision-centric retrieval and multimodal retrieval-augmented generation (M-RAG) over long documents. While recent VLM-based rerankers achieve strong accuracy, their…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Yiqun Sun , Pengfei Wei , Lawrence B. Hsieh

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) by incorporating external knowledge. However, LLMs still encounter challenges in effectively utilizing the knowledge from retrieved documents,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Mingyan Wu , Zhenghao Liu , Yukun Yan , Xinze Li , Shi Yu , Zheni Zeng , Yu Gu , Ge Yu

Retrieval-augmented generation is increasingly used for financial question answering over long regulatory filings, yet reliability depends on retrieving the exact context needed to justify answers in high stakes settings. We study a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Amine Kobeissi , Philippe Langlais

Medical question answering (QA) requires extensive access to domain-specific knowledge. A promising direction is to enhance large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge retrieved from medical corpora or parametric knowledge stored…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Lei Li , Xiao Zhou , Yingying Zhang , Xian Wu
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