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We consider a realistic decentralized setup with bandwidth-constrained communication and derive optimal time complexities for non-convex stochastic parallel and asynchronous optimization (up to logarithmic factors). We develop the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-24 Alexander Tyurin

Nowadays, large and complex deep learning (DL) models are increasingly trained in a distributed manner across multiple worker machines, in which extensive communications between workers pose serious scaling problems. In this article, we…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Shaohuai Shi , Zhenheng Tang , Xiaowen Chu , Chengjian Liu , Wei Wang , Bo Li

Large language models (LLM) have become a critical component in many applications of machine learning. However, standard approaches to training LLM require a large number of tightly interconnected accelerators, with devices exchanging…

Distributed stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is essential for scaling the machine learning algorithms to a large number of computing nodes. However, the infrastructures variability such as high communication delay or random node slowdown…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Jianyu Wang , Hao Liang , Gauri Joshi

As datasets and models become increasingly large, distributed training has become a necessary component to allow deep neural networks to train in reasonable amounts of time. However, distributed training can have substantial communication…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-18 Jose Javier Gonzalez Ortiz , Jonathan Frankle , Mike Rabbat , Ari Morcos , Nicolas Ballas

When scaling distributed training, the communication overhead is often the bottleneck. In this paper, we propose a novel SGD variant with reduced communication and adaptive learning rates. We prove the convergence of the proposed algorithm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Cong Xie , Oluwasanmi Koyejo , Indranil Gupta , Haibin Lin

We present a new class of decentralized first-order methods for nonsmooth and stochastic optimization problems defined over multiagent networks. Considering that communication is a major bottleneck in decentralized optimization, our main…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-02-07 Guanghui Lan , Soomin Lee , Yi Zhou

We consider a decentralized learning problem, where a set of computing nodes aim at solving a non-convex optimization problem collaboratively. It is well-known that decentralized optimization schemes face two major system bottlenecks:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-04 Amirhossein Reisizadeh , Hossein Taheri , Aryan Mokhtari , Hamed Hassani , Ramtin Pedarsani

To reduce the long training time of large deep neural network (DNN) models, distributed synchronous stochastic gradient descent (S-SGD) is commonly used on a cluster of workers. However, the speedup brought by multiple workers is limited by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Shaohuai Shi , Zhenheng Tang , Qiang Wang , Kaiyong Zhao , Xiaowen Chu

In the decentralized distributed learning, achieving fast convergence and low communication cost is essential for scalability and high efficiency. Adaptive gradient methods, such as Adam, have demonstrated strong practical performance in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Wei Liu , Anweshit Panda , Ujwal Pandey , Haven Cook , George M. Slota , Naigang Wang , Jie Chen , Yangyang Xu

Scalable machine learning over big data is an important problem that is receiving a lot of attention in recent years. On popular distributed environments such as Hadoop running on a cluster of commodity machines, communication costs are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-03-18 Dhruv Mahajan , Nikunj Agrawal , S. Sathiya Keerthi , S. Sundararajan , Leon Bottou

In this paper, we investigate the problem of decentralized consensus optimization over directed graphs with limited communication bandwidth. We introduce a novel decentralized optimization algorithm that combines the Reduced Consensus…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-08-11 Xu Du , Karl H. Johansson , Apostolos I. Rikos

The distributed training of foundation models, particularly large language models (LLMs), demands a high level of communication. Consequently, it is highly dependent on a centralized cluster with fast and reliable interconnects. Can we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Ji Qi , WenPeng Zhu , Li Li , Ming Wu , YingJun Wu , Wu He , Xun Gao , Jason Zeng , Michael Heinrich

Decentralized optimization has become vital for leveraging distributed data without central control, enhancing scalability and privacy. However, practical deployments face fundamental challenges due to heterogeneous computation speeds and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Yijie Zhou , Shi Pu

The rapid development of machine learning and deep learning has introduced increasingly complex optimization challenges that must be addressed. Indeed, training modern, advanced models has become difficult to implement without leveraging…

Synchronous mini-batch SGD is state-of-the-art for large-scale distributed machine learning. However, in practice, its convergence is bottlenecked by slow communication rounds between worker nodes. A natural solution to reduce communication…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-26 Kumar Kshitij Patel , Aymeric Dieuleveut

In this work, we study decentralized stochastic nonconvex Polyak--{\L}ojasiewicz minimax problems and propose a communication-efficient algorithm. Motivated by the efficiency of local SGD in federated learning, we investigate decentralized…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-26 Haoyuan Cai , Sulaiman A. Alghunaim , Ali H. Sayed

We consider distributed optimization over a $d$-dimensional space, where $K$ remote clients send coded gradient estimates over an {\em additive Gaussian Multiple Access Channel (MAC)} with noise variance $\sigma_z^2$. Furthermore, the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Shubham Jha

To efficiently train large-scale models, low-bit gradient communication compresses full-precision gradients on local GPU nodes into low-precision ones for higher gradient synchronization efficiency among GPU nodes. However, it often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Xingyu Xie , Zhijie Lin , Kim-Chuan Toh , Pan Zhou

With the increasing demand for large-scale training of machine learning models, fully decentralized optimization methods have recently been advocated as alternatives to the popular parameter server framework. In this paradigm, each worker…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Guojun Xiong , Gang Yan , Shiqiang Wang , Jian Li