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Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities on complex tasks, exhibiting emergent, human-like thinking patterns. Despite their advances, we identify a fundamental limitation: current LRMs lack a dedicated meta-level…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Haonan Dong , Haoran Ye , Wenhao Zhu , Kehan Jiang , Guojie Song

We introduce Meta-Reasoning Prompting (MRP), a novel and efficient system prompting method for large language models (LLMs) inspired by human meta-reasoning. Traditional in-context learning-based reasoning techniques, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Peizhong Gao , Ao Xie , Shaoguang Mao , Wenshan Wu , Yan Xia , Haipeng Mi , Furu Wei

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) effectively enhances Large Language Models (LLMs) by incorporating retrieved external knowledge into the generation process. Reasoning models improve LLM performance in multi-hop QA tasks, which require…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Guo Chen , Junjie Huang , Huaijin Xie , Fei Sun , Tao Jia

Existing Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have shown the potential of reinforcement learning (RL) to enhance the complex reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models~(LLMs). While they achieve remarkable performance on challenging tasks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Huatong Song , Jinhao Jiang , Yingqian Min , Jie Chen , Zhipeng Chen , Wayne Xin Zhao , Lei Fang , Ji-Rong Wen

Recent breakthroughs in large language models (LLMs), particularly in reasoning capabilities, have propelled Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) to unprecedented levels. By synergizing retrieval mechanisms with advanced reasoning, LLMs can…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Yunfan Gao , Yun Xiong , Yijie Zhong , Yuxi Bi , Ming Xue , Haofen Wang

The use of Large Language Models (LLMs) for reasoning and planning tasks has drawn increasing attention in Artificial Intelligence research. Despite their remarkable progress, these models still exhibit limitations in multi-step inference…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Murilo da Luz , Bruno Brandão , Luana Martins , Gustavo Oliveira , Bryan de Oliveira , Luckeciano Melo , Telma Soares

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in text embedding, yet current adaptation methods like LoRA face significant bottlenecks in computational efficiency and cross-architecture transferability. Whenever a new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yu-Che Tsai , Kuan-Yu Chen , Yuan-Hao Chen , Yu-Han Chang , Ching-Yu Tsai , Yu-Hsiang Chuang , Shou-De Lin

Embodied planning requires agents to make coherent multi-step decisions based on dynamic visual observations and natural language goals. While recent vision-language models (VLMs) excel at static perception tasks, they struggle with the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Di Wu , Jiaxin Fan , Junzhe Zang , Guanbo Wang , Wei Yin , Wenhao Li , Bo Jin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong generalization across a wide range of tasks. Reasoning with LLMs is central to solving multi-step problems and complex decision-making. To support efficient reasoning, recent studies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Jindong Li , Yali Fu , Li Fan , Jiahong Liu , Yao Shu , Chengwei Qin , Menglin Yang , Irwin King , Rex Ying

Recent years have seen considerable advancements in multi-step reasoning with Large Language Models (LLMs). The previous studies have elucidated the merits of integrating feedback or search mechanisms during model inference to improve the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Qianli Ma , Haotian Zhou , Tingkai Liu , Jianbo Yuan , Pengfei Liu , Yang You , Hongxia Yang

In modern e-commerce search systems, dense retrieval has become an indispensable component. By computing similarities between query and item (product) embeddings, it efficiently selects candidate products from large-scale repositories. With…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Jianting Tang , Dongshuai Li , Tao Wen , Fuyu Lv , Dan Ou , Linli Xu

Looped computation shows promise in improving the reasoning-oriented performance of LLMs by scaling test-time compute. However, existing approaches typically require either training recurrent models from scratch or applying disruptive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Taekhyun Park , Yongjae Lee , Dohee Kim , Hyerim Bae

Large language models (LLMs) empowered by chain-of-thought reasoning have achieved impressive accuracy on complex tasks but suffer from excessive inference costs and latency when applied uniformly to all problems. We propose SABER…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Kai Zhao , Yanjun Zhao , Jiaming Song , Shien He , Lusheng Zhang , Qiang Zhang , Tianjiao Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) often struggle with maintaining coherent multi-step reasoning traces, particularly in tasks that require a structured logical flow. This work introduces a quantum-inspired approach to address the challenge by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Venkat Margapuri , Garik Kazanjian , Naren Kosaraju

A key missing capacity of current language models (LMs) is grounding to real-world environments. Most existing work for grounded language understanding uses LMs to directly generate plans that can be executed in the environment to achieve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Yu Gu , Xiang Deng , Yu Su

Large language models (LLMs) are widely used but expensive to run, especially as inference workloads grow. To lower costs, maximizing the request batch size by managing GPU memory efficiently is crucial. While PagedAttention has recently…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Chen Zhang , Kuntai Du , Shu Liu , Woosuk Kwon , Xiangxi Mo , Yufeng Wang , Xiaoxuan Liu , Kaichao You , Zhuohan Li , Mingsheng Long , Jidong Zhai , Joseph Gonzalez , Ion Stoica

We introduce PaLM 2, a new state-of-the-art language model that has better multilingual and reasoning capabilities and is more compute-efficient than its predecessor PaLM. PaLM 2 is a Transformer-based model trained using a mixture of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Rohan Anil , Andrew M. Dai , Orhan Firat , Melvin Johnson , Dmitry Lepikhin , Alexandre Passos , Siamak Shakeri , Emanuel Taropa , Paige Bailey , Zhifeng Chen , Eric Chu , Jonathan H. Clark , Laurent El Shafey , Yanping Huang , Kathy Meier-Hellstern , Gaurav Mishra , Erica Moreira , Mark Omernick , Kevin Robinson , Sebastian Ruder , Yi Tay , Kefan Xiao , Yuanzhong Xu , Yujing Zhang , Gustavo Hernandez Abrego , Junwhan Ahn , Jacob Austin , Paul Barham , Jan Botha , James Bradbury , Siddhartha Brahma , Kevin Brooks , Michele Catasta , Yong Cheng , Colin Cherry , Christopher A. Choquette-Choo , Aakanksha Chowdhery , Clément Crepy , Shachi Dave , Mostafa Dehghani , Sunipa Dev , Jacob Devlin , Mark Díaz , Nan Du , Ethan Dyer , Vlad Feinberg , Fangxiaoyu Feng , Vlad Fienber , Markus Freitag , Xavier Garcia , Sebastian Gehrmann , Lucas Gonzalez , Guy Gur-Ari , Steven Hand , Hadi Hashemi , Le Hou , Joshua Howland , Andrea Hu , Jeffrey Hui , Jeremy Hurwitz , Michael Isard , Abe Ittycheriah , Matthew Jagielski , Wenhao Jia , Kathleen Kenealy , Maxim Krikun , Sneha Kudugunta , Chang Lan , Katherine Lee , Benjamin Lee , Eric Li , Music Li , Wei Li , YaGuang Li , Jian Li , Hyeontaek Lim , Hanzhao Lin , Zhongtao Liu , Frederick Liu , Marcello Maggioni , Aroma Mahendru , Joshua Maynez , Vedant Misra , Maysam Moussalem , Zachary Nado , John Nham , Eric Ni , Andrew Nystrom , Alicia Parrish , Marie Pellat , Martin Polacek , Alex Polozov , Reiner Pope , Siyuan Qiao , Emily Reif , Bryan Richter , Parker Riley , Alex Castro Ros , Aurko Roy , Brennan Saeta , Rajkumar Samuel , Renee Shelby , Ambrose Slone , Daniel Smilkov , David R. So , Daniel Sohn , Simon Tokumine , Dasha Valter , Vijay Vasudevan , Kiran Vodrahalli , Xuezhi Wang , Pidong Wang , Zirui Wang , Tao Wang , John Wieting , Yuhuai Wu , Kelvin Xu , Yunhan Xu , Linting Xue , Pengcheng Yin , Jiahui Yu , Qiao Zhang , Steven Zheng , Ce Zheng , Weikang Zhou , Denny Zhou , Slav Petrov , Yonghui Wu

With the increasing capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), parallel reasoning has emerged as a new inference paradigm that enhances reasoning robustness by concurrently exploring multiple lines of thought before converging on a final…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Ziqi Wang , Boye Niu , Zipeng Gao , Zhi Zheng , Tong Xu , Linghui Meng , Zhongli Li , Jing Liu , Yilong Chen , Chen Zhu , Hua Wu , Haifeng Wang , Enhong Chen

Modern large language models (LLMs) increasingly depends on efficient long-context processing and generation mechanisms, including sparse attention, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), and compressed contextual memory, to support complex…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zifan He , Rui Ma , Yizhou Sun , Jason Cong

The transition from System 1 to System 2 reasoning in large language models (LLMs) has marked significant advancements in handling complex tasks through deliberate, iterative thinking. However, this progress often comes at the cost of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Han Wu , Yuxuan Yao , Shuqi Liu , Zehua Liu , Xiaojin Fu , Xiongwei Han , Xing Li , Hui-Ling Zhen , Tao Zhong , Mingxuan Yuan