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Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been highly successful for the node classification task. GNNs typically assume graphs are homophilic, i.e. neighboring nodes are likely to belong to the same class. However, a number of real-world graphs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Yurui Lai , Taiyan Zhang , Rui Fan

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have proven to be useful for many different practical applications. However, many existing GNN models have implicitly assumed homophily among the nodes connected in the graph, and therefore have largely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Jiong Zhu , Ryan A. Rossi , Anup Rao , Tung Mai , Nedim Lipka , Nesreen K. Ahmed , Danai Koutra

Many real-world graphs (networks) are heterogeneous with different types of nodes and edges. Heterogeneous graph embedding, aiming at learning the low-dimensional node representations of a heterogeneous graph, is vital for various…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Wentao Xu , Yingce Xia , Weiqing Liu , Jiang Bian , Jian Yin , Tie-Yan Liu

Recent years have witnessed fast developments of graph neural networks (GNNs) that have benefited myriad graph analytic tasks and applications. Most GNNs rely on the homophily assumption that nodes belonging to the same class are more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Xin Zheng , Yi Wang , Yixin Liu , Ming Li , Miao Zhang , Di Jin , Philip S. Yu , Shirui Pan

Homophily principle, \ie{} nodes with the same labels or similar attributes are more likely to be connected, has been commonly believed to be the main reason for the superiority of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) over traditional Neural…

We propose AGS-GNN, a novel attribute-guided sampling algorithm for Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) that exploits node features and connectivity structure of a graph while simultaneously adapting for both homophily and heterophily in graphs.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Siddhartha Shankar Das , S M Ferdous , Mahantesh M Halappanavar , Edoardo Serra , Alex Pothen

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are widely used on a variety of graph-based machine learning tasks. For node-level tasks, GNNs have strong power to model the homophily property of graphs (i.e., connected nodes are more similar) while their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Lun Du , Xiaozhou Shi , Qiang Fu , Xiaojun Ma , Hengyu Liu , Shi Han , Dongmei Zhang

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are well-suited for learning on homophilous graphs, i.e., graphs in which edges tend to connect nodes of the same type. Yet, achievement of consistent GNN performance on heterophilous graphs remains an open…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Andrea Cavallo , Claas Grohnfeldt , Michele Russo , Giulio Lovisotto , Luca Vassio

Graph Attention Network (GAT) is one of the most popular Graph Neural Network (GNN) architecture, which employs the attention mechanism to learn edge weights and has demonstrated promising performance in various applications. However, since…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Qincheng Lu , Jiaqi Zhu , Sitao Luan , Xiao-Wen Chang

Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) are predominantly tailored for graphs displaying homophily, where similar nodes connect, but often fail on heterophilic graphs. The strategy of adopting distinct approaches to learn from homophilic and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Han Lei , Jiaxing Xu , Xia Dong , Yiping Ke

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) excel at analyzing graph-structured data but struggle on heterophilic graphs, where connected nodes often belong to different classes. While this challenge is commonly addressed with specialized GNN…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Harel Mendelman , Haggai Maron , Ronen Talmon

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have proven effective in various medical imaging applications, such as automated disease diagnosis. However, due to the local neighborhood aggregation paradigm in message passing which characterizes these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 K. Mancini , I. Rekik

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) extend basic Neural Networks (NNs) by using graph structures based on the relational inductive bias (homophily assumption). While GNNs have been commonly believed to outperform NNs in real-world tasks, recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Sitao Luan , Chenqing Hua , Qincheng Lu , Jiaqi Zhu , Mingde Zhao , Shuyuan Zhang , Xiao-Wen Chang , Doina Precup

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have been proved powerful in graph-oriented tasks. However, many real-world graphs are heterophilous, challenging the homophily assumption of classical GNNs. To solve the universality problem, many studies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Shengbo Gong , Jiajun Zhou , Chenxuan Xie , Qi Xuan

Dynamic graph learning (DGL) aims to learn informative and temporally-evolving node embeddings to support downstream tasks such as link prediction. A fundamental challenge in DGL lies in effectively modeling both the temporal dynamics and…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Ling Wang

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as a powerful framework for processing graph-structured data. However, conventional GNNs and their variants are inherently limited by the homophily assumption, leading to degradation in performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Jiaqi Lv , Qingfeng Du , Yu Zhang , Yongqi Han , Sheng Li

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have shown remarkable performance on homophilic graph data while being far less impressive when handling non-homophilic graph data due to the inherent low-pass filtering property of GNNs. In general, since…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Shuai Zheng , Zhenfeng Zhu , Zhizhe Liu , Youru Li , Yao Zhao

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have shown great ability in modeling graphs, however, their performance would significantly degrade when there are noisy edges connecting nodes from different classes. To alleviate negative effect of noisy edges…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Xiao Shen , Mengqiu Shao , Shirui Pan , Laurence T. Yang , Xi Zhou

Recently, graph neural networks (GNNs) have shown prominent performance in semi-supervised node classification by leveraging knowledge from the graph database. However, most existing GNNs follow the homophily assumption, where connected…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Henan Sun , Xunkai Li , Zhengyu Wu , Daohan Su , Rong-Hua Li , Guoren Wang

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have emerged as a powerful tool for modeling graph-structured data. However, existing GNNs often struggle with heterophilic graphs, where connected nodes tend to have dissimilar features or labels. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Ruizhong Qiu , Ting-Wei Li , Gaotang Li , Hanghang Tong