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Researchers face a critical choice: how to use -- or not use -- large language models in their work. Using them well requires understanding the mechanisms that shape what LLMs can and cannot do. This chapter makes LLMs comprehensible…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Daniele Barolo

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) within 6G networks is poised to revolutionize connectivity, reliability, and intelligent decision-making. However, the performance of AI models in these networks is crucial, as any decline can…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Liming Huang , Yulei Wu , Dimitra Simeonidou

Despite recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs), complex Software Engineering (SE) tasks require more collaborative and specialized approaches. This concept paper systematically reviews the emerging paradigm of LLM-based…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yongjian Tang , Thomas Runkler

This article explores the convergence of connectionist and symbolic artificial intelligence (AI), from historical debates to contemporary advancements. Traditionally considered distinct paradigms, connectionist AI focuses on neural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Haoyi Xiong , Zhiyuan Wang , Xuhong Li , Jiang Bian , Zeke Xie , Shahid Mumtaz , Anwer Al-Dulaimi , Laura E. Barnes

Large language model-based multi-agent systems have recently gained significant attention due to their potential for complex, collaborative, and intelligent problem-solving capabilities. Existing surveys typically categorize LLM-based…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Bingyu Yan , Zhibo Zhou , Litian Zhang , Lian Zhang , Ziyi Zhou , Dezhuang Miao , Zhoujun Li , Chaozhuo Li , Xiaoming Zhang

As 6G evolves, the radio access network must transcend traditional automation to embrace agentic AI capable of perception, reasoning, and evolution. A fundamental cognitive gap persists in current disaggregated architectures, where…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Xijun Wang , Zhaoyang Liu , Chenyuan Feng , Xiang Chen , Howard H. Yang , Tony Q. S. Quek

Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques play a pivotal role in optimizing wireless communication networks. However, traditional deep learning approaches often act as closed boxes, lacking the structured reasoning abilities needed to tackle…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Haoxiang Luo , Yu Yan , Yanhui Bian , Wenjiao Feng , Ruichen Zhang , Yinqiu Liu , Jiacheng Wang , Gang Sun , Dusit Niyato , Hongfang Yu , Abbas Jamalipour , Shiwen Mao

Future wireless communication networks are in a position to move beyond data-centric, device-oriented connectivity and offer intelligent, immersive experiences based on multi-agent collaboration, especially in the context of the thriving…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Xiang Chen , Zhiheng Guo , Xijun Wang , Howard H. Yang , Chenyuan Feng , Shuangfeng Han , Xiaoyun Wang , Tony Q. S. Quek

Agentic Artificial Intelligence (AI) builds upon Generative AI (GenAI). It constitutes the next major step in the evolution of AI with much stronger reasoning and interaction capabilities that enable more autonomous behavior to tackle…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Johannes Schneider

The increasing complexity and scale of modern telecommunications networks demand intelligent automation to enhance efficiency, adaptability, and resilience. Agentic AI has emerged as a key paradigm for intelligent communications and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Ruichen Zhang , Shunpu Tang , Yinqiu Liu , Dusit Niyato , Zehui Xiong , Sumei Sun , Shiwen Mao , Zhu Han

The current evolution of artificial intelligence introduces a paradigm shift toward agentic AI built upon multi-agent systems (MAS). Agent communications serve as a key to effective agent interactions in MAS and thus have a significant…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Qiang Duan , Zhihui Lu

Sixth Generation (6G) wireless networks, which are expected to be deployed in the 2030s, have already created great excitement in academia and the private sector with their extremely high communication speed and low latency rates. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Muhammed Golec , Yaser Khamayseh , Suhib Bani Melhem , Abdulmalik Alwarafy

We are in a transformative era, and advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI), especially the foundational models, are constantly in the news. AI has been an integral part of many applications that rely on automation for service delivery,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Sunder Ali Khowaja , Kapal Dev , Muhammad Salman Pathan , Engin Zeydan , Merouane Debbah

AI-communication integration is widely regarded as a core enabling technology for 6G. Most existing AI-based physical-layer designs rely on task-specific models that are separately tailored to individual modules, resulting in poor…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-19 Xiang Cheng , Boxun Liu , Xuanyu Liu , Xuesong Cai

The long-standing vision of intelligent cities is to create efficient, livable, and sustainable urban environments using big data and artificial intelligence technologies. Recently, the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has opened new…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Jindong Han , Yansong Ning , Zirui Yuan , Hang Ni , Fan Liu , Tengfei Lyu , Hao Liu

Agent communication protocols are becoming critical infrastructure for large language model (LLM) systems that must use tools, coordinate with other agents, and operate across heterogeneous environments. This work presents a human-inspired…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Dun Yuan , Fuyuan Lyu , Ye Yuan , Weixu Zhang , Bowei He , Jiayi Geng , Linfeng Du , Zipeng Sun , Yankai Chen , Changjiang Han , Jikun Kang , Xi Chen , Haolun Wu , Xue Liu

Modern engineered systems increasingly involve complex sociotechnical environments where multiple agents, including humans and the emerging paradigm of agentic AI powered by large language models, must navigate social dilemmas that pit…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Qiliang Chen , Sepehr Ilami , Nunzio Lore , Babak Heydari

Agentic systems powered by large language models (LLMs) are becoming progressively more complex and capable. Their increasing agency and expanding deployment settings attract growing attention to effective governance policies, monitoring,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Garry A. Gabison , R. Patrick Xian

Large Language Models (LLMs) represent a landmark achievement in Artificial Intelligence (AI), demonstrating unprecedented proficiency in procedural tasks such as text generation, code completion, and conversational coherence. These…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Schaun Wheeler , Olivier Jeunen

State-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) show high performance in general visual question answering. However, a fundamental limitation remains: current architectures lack the native 3D spatial reasoning required for direct analysis of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Ayhan Can Erdur , Daniel Scholz , Jiazhen Pan , Benedikt Wiestler , Daniel Rueckert , Jan C. Peeken