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Verifying textual claims against structured tabular data is a critical yet challenging task in Natural Language Processing with broad real-world impact. While recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled significant progress…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Tim Luka Horstmann , Baptiste Geisenberger , Mehwish Alam

Fact verification on tabular evidence incentivises the use of symbolic reasoning models where a logical form is constructed (e.g. a LISP-style program), providing greater verifiability than fully neural approaches. However, these systems…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Rami Aly , Andreas Vlachos

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in interpreting visual layouts and text. However, a significant challenge remains in their ability to interpret robustly and reason over multi-tabular data presented as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Anshul Singh , Chris Biemann , Jan Strich

Table extraction from PDF and image documents is a ubiquitous task in the real-world. Perfect extraction quality is difficult to achieve with one single out-of-box model due to (1) the wide variety of table styles, (2) the lack of training…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-02-18 Nancy Xin Ru Wang , Douglas Burdick , Yunyao Li

Evaluation is pivotal for refining Large Language Models (LLMs), pinpointing their capabilities, and guiding enhancements. The rapid development of LLMs calls for a lightweight and easy-to-use framework for swift evaluation deployment.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Chaoqun He , Renjie Luo , Shengding Hu , Yuanqian Zhao , Jie Zhou , Hanghao Wu , Jiajie Zhang , Xu Han , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Robust evaluation is critical for deploying trustworthy retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems. However, current LLM-based evaluation frameworks predominantly rely on directly prompting resource-intensive models with complex…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Kun Li , Yunxiang Li , Tianhua Zhang , Hongyin Luo , Xixin Wu , James Glass , Helen Meng

Incorporating external knowledge bases in traditional retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) relies on parsing the document, followed by querying a language model with the parsed information via in-context learning. While effective for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Jacob Si , Mike Qu , Michelle Lee , Marek Rei , Yingzhen Li

Visual reasoning over structured data such as tables is a critical capability for modern vision-language models (VLMs), yet current benchmarks remain limited in scale, diversity, or reasoning depth, especially when it comes to rendered…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Boammani Aser Lompo , Marc Haraoui

Tabular prediction can benefit from in-table rows as few-shot evidence, yet existing tabular models typically perform instance-wise inference and LLM-based prompting is often brittle. Models do not consistently leverage relevant rows, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Yongyao Wang , Ziqi Miao , Lu Yang , Haonan Jia , Wenting Yan , Chen Qian , Lijun Li

The rapid proliferation of benchmarks has created significant challenges in reproducibility, transparency, and informed decision-making. However, unlike datasets and models -- which benefit from structured documentation frameworks like…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Florian Bordes , Candace Ross , Justine T Kao , Evangelia Spiliopoulou , Adina Williams

Citation quality is crucial in information-seeking systems, directly influencing trust and the effectiveness of information access. Current evaluation frameworks, both human and automatic, mainly rely on Natural Language Inference (NLI) to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Yumo Xu , Peng Qi , Jifan Chen , Kunlun Liu , Rujun Han , Lan Liu , Bonan Min , Vittorio Castelli , Arshit Gupta , Zhiguo Wang

Despite the significant advancements in keyphrase extraction and keyphrase generation methods, the predominant approach for evaluation mainly relies on exact matching with human references. This scheme fails to recognize systems that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Di Wu , Da Yin , Kai-Wei Chang

Large Language Models (LLMs) struggle with multi-step reasoning over structured tables. The primary reason is the lack of explicit supervision for intermediate reasoning states. Existing learned reward models or executor-based verifiers are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Tung Sum Thomas Kwok , Xinyu Wang , Hengzhi He , Xiaofeng Lin , Peng Lu , Liheng Ma , Chunhe Wang , Chun Ho Mak , Yuyu Luo , Ying Nian Wu , Lei Ding , Guang Cheng

Visual representation learning has been a cornerstone in computer vision, involving typical forms such as visual embeddings, structural symbols, and text-based representations. Despite the success of CLIP-type visual embeddings, they often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Yiwu Zhong , Zi-Yuan Hu , Michael R. Lyu , Liwei Wang

Tables are a popular and efficient means of presenting structured information. They are used extensively in various kinds of documents including web pages. Tables display information as a two-dimensional matrix, the semantics of which is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-26 Maryam Habibi , Johannes Starlinger , Ulf Leser

Structured tables are essential for conveying high-density information in professional domains such as finance, healthcare, and scientific research. Despite the progress in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), reasoning performance…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Xiaoyu Chen , Lu Dai , Hanqing Wang , Zhuoyu Li , Wenbin Dai , Yanzong Zheng , Zhenggang Xia , Junyong Lin , Hui Xiong

Tables are common and important in scientific documents, yet most text-based document search systems do not capture structures and semantics specific to tables. How to bridge different types of mismatch between keywords queries and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2017-07-13 Kyle Yingkai Gao , Jamie Callan

Aligning Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) requires reliable reward models, yet existing single-step evaluators can suffer from lazy judging, exploiting language priors over fine-grained visual verification. While rubric-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Rui Liu , Dian Yu , Zhenwen Liang , Yucheng Shi , Tong Zheng , Runpeng Dai , Haitao Mi , Pratap Tokekar , Leoweiliang

Tables on the Web contain a vast amount of knowledge in a structured form. To tap into this valuable resource, we address the problem of table retrieval: answering an information need with a ranked list of tables. We investigate this…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-05-14 Shuo Zhang , Krisztian Balog

The ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to precisely follow complex and fine-grained lexical instructions is a cornerstone of their utility and controllability. However, evaluating this capability remains a significant challenge.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Huimin Ren , Yan Liang , Baiqiao Su , Chaobo Sun , Hengtong Lu , Kaike Zhang , Chen Wei