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Language models (LMs) trained on vast quantities of unlabelled data have greatly advanced the field of natural language processing (NLP). In this study, we re-visit the widely accepted notion in NLP that continued pre-training LMs on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Zhengxiang Shi , Aldo Lipani

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has proven vital in speech and audio-related applications. The paradigm trains a general model on unlabeled data that can later be used to solve specific downstream tasks. This type of model is costly to train…

Extending the context length (i.e., the maximum supported sequence length) of LLMs is of paramount significance. To facilitate long context training of LLMs, sequence parallelism has emerged as an essential technique, which scatters each…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Yujie Wang , Shiju Wang , Shenhan Zhu , Fangcheng Fu , Xinyi Liu , Xuefeng Xiao , Huixia Li , Jiashi Li , Faming Wu , Bin Cui

Over recent years, an increasing amount of compute and data has been poured into training large language models (LLMs), usually by doing one-pass learning on as many tokens as possible randomly selected from large-scale web corpora. While…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Kushal Tirumala , Daniel Simig , Armen Aghajanyan , Ari S. Morcos

Deep learning models require an enormous amount of data for training. However, recently there is a shift in machine learning from model-centric to data-centric approaches. In data-centric approaches, the focus is to refine and improve the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Muhammad Asif Khan , Ridha Hamila , Hamid Menouar

The goal of continual learning is to improve the performance of recognition models in learning sequentially arrived data. Although most existing works are established on the premise of learning from scratch, growing efforts have been…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Gengwei Zhang , Liyuan Wang , Guoliang Kang , Ling Chen , Yunchao Wei

The ability to continuously acquire new knowledge and skills is crucial for autonomous agents. Existing methods are typically based on either fixed-size models that struggle to learn a large number of diverse behaviors, or growing-size…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Jean-Baptiste Gaya , Thang Doan , Lucas Caccia , Laure Soulier , Ludovic Denoyer , Roberta Raileanu

Recent advancements in long-context large language models have attracted significant attention, yet their practical applications often suffer from suboptimal context utilization. This study investigates structuring training data to enhance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Konrad Staniszewski , Szymon Tworkowski , Sebastian Jaszczur , Yu Zhao , Henryk Michalewski , Łukasz Kuciński , Piotr Miłoś

Salient Span Masking (SSM) has shown itself to be an effective strategy to improve closed-book question answering performance. SSM extends general masked language model pretraining by creating additional unsupervised training sentences that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Jeremy R. Cole , Aditi Chaudhary , Bhuwan Dhingra , Partha Talukdar

Long-term temporal information is crucial for event-based perception tasks, as raw events only encode pixel brightness changes. Recent works show that when trained from scratch, recurrent models achieve better results than feedforward…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Mohammad Mohammadi , Ziyi Wu , Igor Gilitschenski

The goal of continual learning (CL) is to train a model that can solve multiple tasks presented sequentially. Recent CL approaches have achieved strong performance by leveraging large pre-trained models that generalize well to downstream…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Liangzu Peng , Juan Elenter , Joshua Agterberg , Alejandro Ribeiro , René Vidal

Most language model pre-training frameworks concatenate multiple documents into fixed-length sequences and use causal masking to compute the likelihood of each token given its context; this strategy is widely adopted due to its simplicity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Yu Zhao , Yuanbin Qu , Konrad Staniszewski , Szymon Tworkowski , Wei Liu , Piotr Miłoś , Yuxiang Wu , Pasquale Minervini

The intrinsic difficulty in adapting deep learning models to non-stationary environments limits the applicability of neural networks to real-world tasks. This issue is critical in practical supervised learning settings, such as the ones in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Simone Marullo , Matteo Tiezzi , Marco Gori , Stefano Melacci , Tinne Tuytelaars

Sequential recommendation aims to provide users with personalized suggestions based on their historical interactions. When training sequential models, padding is a widely adopted technique for two main reasons: 1) The vast majority of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Yizhou Dang , Yuting Liu , Enneng Yang , Guibing Guo , Linying Jiang , Jianzhe Zhao , Xingwei Wang

Modern scene text recognition systems often depend on large end-to-end architectures that require extensive training and are prohibitively expensive for real-time scenarios. In such cases, the deployment of heavy models becomes impractical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Ritabrata Chakraborty , Shivakumara Palaiahnakote , Umapada Pal , Cheng-Lin Liu

Packing and shuffling tokens is a common practice in training auto-regressive language models (LMs) to prevent overfitting and improve efficiency. Typically documents are concatenated to chunks of maximum sequence length (MSL) and then…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Yanbing Chen , Ruilin Wang , Zihao Yang , Lavender Yao Jiang , Eric Karl Oermann

Deep learning's success has been attributed to the training of large, overparameterized models on massive amounts of data. As this trend continues, model training has become prohibitively costly, requiring access to powerful computing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-25 Ravi S Raju , Kyle Daruwalla , Mikko Lipasti

To adapt to real-world data streams, continual learning (CL) systems must rapidly learn new concepts while preserving and utilizing prior knowledge. When it comes to adding new information to continually-trained deep neural networks (DNNs),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Md Yousuf Harun , Christopher Kanan

Continual learning (CL) aims to incrementally train a model on a sequence of tasks while retaining performance on prior ones. However, storing and replaying data is often infeasible due to privacy or security constraints and impractical for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Ruilin Tong , Haodong Lu , Yuhang Liu , Dong Gong

As world knowledge advances and new task schemas emerge, Continual Learning (CL) becomes essential for keeping Large Language Models (LLMs) current and addressing their shortcomings. This process typically involves continual instruction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Haokun Zhao , Haixia Han , Jie Shi , Chengyu Du , Jiaqing Liang , Yanghua Xiao