English
Related papers

Related papers: Test-Time Scaling with Repeated Sampling Improves …

200 papers

Reasoning has substantially improved the performance of large language models (LLMs) on complicated tasks. Central to the current reasoning studies, Process Reward Models (PRMs) offer a fine-grained evaluation of intermediate reasoning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Qi Cao , Ruiyi Wang , Ruiyi Zhang , Sai Ashish Somayajula , Pengtao Xie

Contrastive learning has been successfully used for retrieval of semantically aligned sentences, but it often requires large batch sizes or careful engineering to work well. In this paper, we instead propose a generative model for learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-06 John Wieting , Jonathan H. Clark , William W. Cohen , Graham Neubig , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick

Verifiers or reward models are often used to enhance the reasoning performance of large language models (LLMs). A common approach is the Best-of-N method, where N candidate solutions generated by the LLM are ranked by a verifier, and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Lunjun Zhang , Arian Hosseini , Hritik Bansal , Mehran Kazemi , Aviral Kumar , Rishabh Agarwal

Safe deployment of large language models (LLMs) may benefit from a reliable method for assessing their generated content to determine when to abstain or to selectively generate. While likelihood-based metrics such as perplexity are widely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Jie Ren , Yao Zhao , Tu Vu , Peter J. Liu , Balaji Lakshminarayanan

Recent research has highlighted that Large Language Models (LLMs), even when trained to generate extended long reasoning steps, still face significant challenges on hard reasoning problems. However, much of the existing literature relies on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Fanzeng Xia , Yidong Luo , Tinko Sebastian Bartels , Yaqi Xu , Tongxin Li

We present the Multilingual Reasoning Gym, an extension of Reasoning Gym (Stojanovski et al., 2025), that procedurally generates verifiable reasoning problems across 14 languages. We translate templates for 94 tasks with native-speaker…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Konstantin Dobler , Simon Lehnerer , Federico Scozzafava , Jonathan Janke , Mohamed Ali

Inference time techniques such as decoding time scaling and self refinement have been shown to substantially improve mathematical reasoning in large language models (LLMs), largely attributed to emergent self correction and self…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Mingyuan Wu , Meitang Li , Jingcheng Yang , Jize Jiang , Kaizhuo Yan , Zhaoheng Li , Hanchao Yu , Minjia Zhang , Klara Nahrstedt

Test-time scaling has emerged as an effective way to improve language models on challenging reasoning tasks. However, most existing methods treat each problem in isolation and do not systematically reuse knowledge from prior reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Di Wu , Devendra Singh Sachan , Wen-tau Yih , Mingda Chen

Inference-time scaling has proven effective in boosting large language model (LLM) performance through increased test-time computation. Yet, its practical application is often hindered by reliance on external verifiers or a lack of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Fei Wang , Xingchen Wan , Ruoxi Sun , Jiefeng Chen , Sercan Ö. Arık

We study the task of prompting large-scale language models to perform multi-step reasoning. Existing work shows that when prompted with a chain of thoughts (CoT), sequences of short sentences describing intermediate reasoning steps towards…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Yao Fu , Hao Peng , Ashish Sabharwal , Peter Clark , Tushar Khot

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has emerged as a promising approach for training reasoning language models (RLMs) by leveraging supervision from verifiers. Although verifier implementation is easier than solution…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Andre He , Nathaniel Weir , Kaj Bostrom , Allen Nie , Darion Cassel , Sam Bayless , Huzefa Rangwala

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) is intended to improve their reasoning capabilities, yet we uncover a counterintuitive effect: models often forget how to solve problems they previously answered correctly during training. We term…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yuetai Li , Zhangchen Xu , Fengqing Jiang , Bhaskar Ramasubramanian , Luyao Niu , Bill Yuchen Lin , Xiang Yue , Radha Poovendran

Process Reward Models (PRMs) provide step-level supervision that improves the reliability of reasoning in large language models. While PRMs have been extensively studied in text-based domains, their extension to Vision Language Models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Brandon Ong , Tej Deep Pala , Vernon Toh , William Chandra Tjhi , Soujanya Poria

Inference-time sampling can elicit strong reasoning abilities from language models without additional training. Existing power-sampling methods do so by sharpening the distribution over full generated outputs, favoring completions that are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Aleksei Arzhantsev , Otmane Sakhi , Nicolas Chopin

We revisit test-time scaling for language model reasoning and ask a fundamental question: at equal token budget and compute, is it better to run multiple independent chains in parallel, or to run fewer chains that iteratively refine through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Aman Sharma , Paras Chopra

Scaling pre-training compute has proven effective for achieving mulitlinguality, but does the same hold for test-time scaling? In this work, we introduce MCLM, a multilingual math benchmark featuring competition-level problems in 55…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Guijin Son , Jiwoo Hong , Hyunwoo Ko , James Thorne

Multi-agent collaboration among models has shown promise in reasoning tasks but is underexplored in long-form generation tasks like summarization and question-answering. We extend multi-agent multi-model reasoning to generation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-20 David Wan , Justin Chih-Yao Chen , Elias Stengel-Eskin , Mohit Bansal

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) achieve strong performance on mathematical reasoning tasks but remain unreliable on challenging instances. Existing test-time scaling methods, such as repeated sampling, self-correction, and tree search,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Zhimin Lin , Yixin Ji , Jinpeng Li , Yu Luo , Dong Li , Junhua Fang , Juntao Li , Min Zhang

Recent prompt optimisation approaches use the generative nature of language models to produce prompts -- even rivaling the performance of human-curated prompts. In this paper, we demonstrate that randomly sampling tokens from the model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Yao Lu , Jiayi Wang , Raphael Tang , Sebastian Riedel , Pontus Stenetorp

Pretrained multilingual large language models have typically used heuristic temperature-based sampling to balance between different languages. However previous work has not systematically evaluated the efficacy of different pretraining…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-19 Hyung Won Chung , Noah Constant , Xavier Garcia , Adam Roberts , Yi Tay , Sharan Narang , Orhan Firat