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The promise of generative AI to revolutionize education is constrained by the pedagogical limits of large language models (LLMs). A major issue is the lack of access to high-quality training data that reflect the learning of actual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Janos Perczel , Jin Chow , Dorottya Demszky

Due to the remarkable language understanding and generation abilities of large language models (LLMs), their use in educational applications has been explored. However, little work has been done on investigating the pedagogical ability of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 An-Zi Yen , Wei-Ling Hsu

The integration of AI assistants, especially through the development of Large Language Models (LLMs), into computer science education has sparked significant debate. An emerging body of work has looked into using LLMs in education, but few…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Wenhan Lyu , Yimeng Wang , Tingting , Chung , Yifan Sun , Yixuan Zhang

Curriculum learning (CL) - ordering training data from easy to hard - has become a popular strategy for improving reasoning in large language models (LLMs). Yet prior work employs disparate difficulty metrics and training setups, leaving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Yaning Jia , Chunhui Zhang , Xingjian Diao , Xiangchi Yuan , Zhongyu Ouyang , Chiyu Ma , Soroush Vosoughi

Project-based learning (PBL) is an instructional method that is very helpful in nurturing students' creativity, but it requires significant time and energy from both students and teachers. Large language models (LLMs) have been proven to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Siyu Zha , Yuehan Qiao , Qingyu Hu , Zhongsheng Li , Jiangtao Gong , Yingqing Xu

Many algorithms in verification and automated reasoning leverage some form of duality between proofs and refutations or counterexamples. In most cases, duality is only used as an intuition that helps in understanding the algorithms and is…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Takeshi Tsukada , Hiroshi Unno , Oded Padon , Sharon Shoham

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shifted in just a few years from novelty to ubiquity, raising fundamental questions for data science education. Tasks once used to teach coding, writing, and problem-solving can now be completed by LLMs,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Ana Elisa Lopez-Miranda , Tiffany Timbers , Rohan Alexander

Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) are fundamentally reshaping computing, with large language models (LLMs) now effectively being able to generate and interpret source code and natural language instructions. These emergent…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong performance on programming tasks, but can they generate student-like code like real students - imperfect, iterative, and stylistically diverse? We present ParaStudent, a systematic study of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Mihran Miroyan , Rose Niousha , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Gireeja Ranade , Narges Norouzi

Worked examples are step-by-step solutions to problems in a specific domain, offered to students to acquire domain-specific problem-solving skills. The effectiveness of worked examples could be enhanced by combining them with…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Arun-Balajiee Lekshmi-Narayanan , Mohammad Hassany , Peter Brusilovsky

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across diverse tasks, yet their ability to perform structured symbolic planning remains limited, particularly in domains requiring formal representations like the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Pulkit Verma , Ngoc La , Anthony Favier , Swaroop Mishra , Julie A. Shah

This paper analyzes Large Language Models (LLMs) with regard to their programming exercise generation capabilities. Through a survey study, we defined the state of the art, extracted their strengths and weaknesses and finally proposed an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Eduard Frankford , Ingo Höhn , Clemens Sauerwein , Ruth Breu

Advances in large language models (LLMs) enable many new innovations in education. However, evaluating the effectiveness of new technology requires real students, which is time-consuming and hard to scale up. Therefore, many recent works on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Alexander Scarlatos , Jaewook Lee , Simon Woodhead , Andrew Lan

The rapid evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) has made them powerful tools for enhancing student writing. This study explores the extent and limitations of LLMs in assisting secondary-level English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Hengky Susanto , David James Woo , Chingyi Yeung , Stephanie Wing Yan Lo-Philip , Chi Ho Yeung

Large language models (LLMs) have introduced substantial challenges to software quality assurance due to their generative, probabilistic, and open-ended nature, which intensifies the oracle problem and limits the applicability of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Zheng Zheng , Zenghui Zhou , Yinwang Xu , Daixu Ren , Tsong Yueh Chen

Novice programmers benefit from timely, personalized support that addresses individual learning gaps, yet the availability of instructors and teaching assistants is inherently limited. Large language models (LLMs) present opportunities to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Griffin Pitts , Anurata Prabha Hridi , Arun-Balajiee Lekshmi-Narayanan

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to scale up personalized tutoring through large language models (LLMs). Recent AI tutors are adapted for the tutoring task by training or prompting LLMs to follow effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Alexander Scarlatos , Naiming Liu , Jaewook Lee , Richard Baraniuk , Andrew Lan

Mathematical reasoning demands two critical, complementary skills: constructing rigorous proofs for true statements and discovering counterexamples that disprove false ones. However, current AI efforts in mathematics focus almost…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Zenan Li , Zhaoyu Li , Kaiyu Yang , Xiaoxing Ma , Zhendong Su

Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a promising solution to complement traditional teaching and address global teacher shortages that affect hundreds of millions of children, but they fail to provide grade-appropriate responses for students…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Jio Oh , Steven Euijong Whang , James Evans , Jindong Wang

Receiving timely and personalized feedback is essential for second-language learners, especially when human instructors are unavailable. This study explores the effectiveness of Large Language Models (LLMs), including both proprietary and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Changrong Xiao , Wenxing Ma , Qingping Song , Sean Xin Xu , Kunpeng Zhang , Yufang Wang , Qi Fu