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Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems have recently shown remarkable advancements by integrating retrieval mechanisms into language models, enhancing their ability to produce more accurate and contextually relevant responses.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Siran Li , Linus Stenzel , Carsten Eickhoff , Seyed Ali Bahrainian

In Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) tasks using Large Language Models (LLMs), the quality of retrieved information is critical to the final output. This paper introduces the IRSC benchmark for evaluating the performance of embedding…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Hai Lin , Shaoxiong Zhan , Junyou Su , Haitao Zheng , Hui Wang

We evaluate the performance of various text embedding models and pipeline configurations for AI-driven search systems. We compare sentence-transformer and generative embedding models (e.g., All-MPNet, BGE, GTE, and Qwen) at different…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Philip Zhong , Kent Chen , Don Wang

We study retrieval design for code-focused generation tasks under realistic compute budgets. Using two complementary tasks from Long Code Arena -- code completion and bug localization -- we systematically compare retrieval configurations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Timur Galimzyanov , Olga Kolomyttseva , Egor Bogomolov

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for grounding large language models in external knowledge sources, improving the precision of agents responses. However, high-dimensional language model embeddings,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Arman Khaledian , Amirreza Ghadiridehkordi , Nariman Khaledian

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is often used with Large Language Models (LLMs) to infuse domain knowledge or user-specific information. In RAG, given a user query, a retriever extracts chunks of relevant text from a knowledge base.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Shubham Agarwal , Sai Sundaresan , Subrata Mitra , Debabrata Mahapatra , Archit Gupta , Rounak Sharma , Nirmal Joshua Kapu , Tong Yu , Shiv Saini

Recent work has shown that small distilled language models are strong competitors to models that are orders of magnitude larger and slower in a wide range of information retrieval tasks. This has made distilled and dense models, due to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Guilherme Moraes Rosa , Luiz Bonifacio , Vitor Jeronymo , Hugo Abonizio , Marzieh Fadaee , Roberto Lotufo , Rodrigo Nogueira

Question-answering (QA) is an important application of Information Retrieval (IR) and language models, and the latest trend is toward pre-trained large neural networks with embedding parameters. Augmenting QA performances with these LLMs…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Lixiao Yang , Mengyang Xu , Weimao Ke

Packing and shuffling tokens is a common practice in training auto-regressive language models (LMs) to prevent overfitting and improve efficiency. Typically documents are concatenated to chunks of maximum sequence length (MSL) and then…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Yanbing Chen , Ruilin Wang , Zihao Yang , Lavender Yao Jiang , Eric Karl Oermann

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances the accuracy of Large Language Model (LLM) responses by leveraging relevant external documents during generation. Although previous studies noted that retrieving many documents can degrade…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Shahar Levy , Nir Mazor , Lihi Shalmon , Michael Hassid , Gabriel Stanovsky

Retrieving the right level of context for a given query is a perennial challenge in information retrieval - too large a chunk dilutes semantic specificity, while chunks that are too small lack broader context. This paper introduces the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Ashish Singh , Priti Mohapatra

Fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs) for downstream tasks, performed on domain-specific data has shown significant promise. However, commercial use of such LLMs is limited by the high computational cost required for their deployment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Boris Nazarov , Darya Frolova , Yackov Lubarsky , Alexei Gaissinski , Pavel Kisilev

Enterprise retrieval augmented generation (RAG) offers a highly flexible framework for combining powerful large language models (LLMs) with internal, possibly temporally changing, documents. In RAG, documents are first chunked. Relevant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Vatsal Raina , Mark Gales

Multi-vector models dominate Visual Document Retrieval (VDR) due to their fine-grained matching capabilities, but their high storage and computational costs present a major barrier to practical deployment. In this paper, we propose…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yibo Yan , Mingdong Ou , Yi Cao , Jiahao Huo , Xin Zou , Shuliang Liu , James Kwok , Xuming Hu

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) improves language model (LM) performance by providing relevant context at test time for knowledge-intensive situations. However, the relationship between parametric knowledge acquired during pretraining…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Karan Singh , Michael Yu , Varun Gangal , Zhuofu Tao , Sachin Kumar , Emmy Liu , Steven Y. Feng

\Ac{RAG} has emerged as a crucial technique for enhancing large models with real-time and domain-specific knowledge. While numerous improvements and open-source tools have been proposed to refine the \ac{RAG} framework for accuracy,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Yixing Fan , Qiang Yan , Wenshan Wang , Jiafeng Guo , Ruqing Zhang , Xueqi Cheng

Objective: Applying large language models (LLMs) to the clinical domain is challenging due to the context-heavy nature of processing medical records. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) offers a solution by facilitating reasoning over…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Skatje Myers , Timothy A. Miller , Yanjun Gao , Matthew M. Churpek , Anoop Mayampurath , Dmitriy Dligach , Majid Afshar

Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) has been widely adopted to help Large Language Models (LLMs) to process tasks involving long documents. However, existing retrieval models are not designed for long document retrieval and fail to address…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-13 David Jiahao Fu , Lam Thanh Do , Jiayu Li , Kevin Chen-Chuan Chang

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a crucial technique for enhancing the accuracy of Large Language Models (LLMs) by incorporating external information. With the advent of LLMs that support increasingly longer context…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Quinn Leng , Jacob Portes , Sam Havens , Matei Zaharia , Michael Carbin

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has demonstrated significant proficiency in conducting question-answering (QA) tasks within a specified corpus. Nonetheless, numerous failure instances of RAG in QA still exist. These failures are not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Jintao Zhang , Guoliang Li , Jinyang Su