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Embedding artificial intelligence into systems introduces significant challenges to modern engineering practices. Hazard analysis tools and processes have not yet been adequately adapted to the new paradigm. This paper describes initial…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Nikolas Martelaro , Carol J. Smith , Tamara Zilovic

This study conducts a thorough examination of the research stream focusing on AI risks in healthcare, aiming to explore the distinct genres within this domain. A selection criterion was employed to carefully analyze 39 articles to identify…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Apoorva Muley , Prathamesh Muzumdar , George Kurian , Ganga Prasad Basyal

Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence (AI) is based on seven technical requirements sustained over three main pillars that should be met throughout the system's entire life cycle: it should be (1) lawful, (2) ethical, and (3) robust, both…

Trustworthy artificial intelligence (AI) technology has revolutionized daily life and greatly benefited human society. Among various AI technologies, Federated Learning (FL) stands out as a promising solution for diverse real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Yifei Zhang , Dun Zeng , Jinglong Luo , Zenglin Xu , Irwin King

AI alignment research is the field of study dedicated to ensuring that artificial intelligence (AI) benefits humans. As machine intelligence gets more advanced, this research is becoming increasingly important. Researchers in the field…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-06-08 Jan H. Kirchner , Logan Smith , Jacques Thibodeau , Kyle McDonell , Laria Reynolds

This systematic literature review investigates perceptions, concerns, and expectations of young digital citizens regarding privacy in artificial intelligence (AI) systems, focusing on social media platforms, educational technology, gaming…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Ajay Kumar Shrestha , Ankur Barthwal , Molly Campbell , Austin Shouli , Saad Syed , Sandhya Joshi , Julita Vassileva

Recent research suggests that it may be possible to build conscious AI systems now or in the near future. Conscious AI systems would arguably deserve moral consideration, and it may be the case that large numbers of conscious systems could…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Patrick Butlin , Theodoros Lappas

Penetration testing is a cornerstone of cybersecurity, traditionally driven by manual, time-intensive processes. As systems grow in complexity, there is a pressing need for more scalable and efficient testing methodologies. This systematic…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-16 J. Alexander Curtis , Nasir U. Eisty

This study critically examines the commonly held assumption that explicability in artificial intelligence (AI) systems inherently boosts user trust. Utilizing a meta-analytical approach, we conducted a comprehensive examination of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Zahra Atf , Peter R. Lewis

Background: Due to their diversity, complexity, and above all importance, safety-critical and dependable systems must be developed with special diligence. Criticality increases as these systems likely contain artificial intelligence (AI)…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Amra Ramic , Stefan Kugele

Welcome to the eighth edition of the AI Index report. The 2025 Index is our most comprehensive to date and arrives at an important moment, as AI's influence across society, the economy, and global governance continues to intensify. New in…

Many decision-making processes have begun to incorporate an AI element, including prison sentence recommendations, college admissions, hiring, and mortgage approval. In all of these cases, AI models are being trained to help human decision…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-12-06 Maryam Ashoori , Justin D. Weisz

In the early stages of scientific research, researchers rely on core scholarly judgments to identify relevant literature, assess credible evidence, and determine which directions merit pursuit. As AI tools become increasingly integrated…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Sanjana Gautam , Houjiang Liu , Yujin Choi , Matthew Lease

Computer security has been a concern for decades and artificial intelligence techniques have been applied to the area for nearly as long. Most of the techniques are being applied to the detection of attacks to running systems, but recent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-12-17 Steve Kommrusch

While the increased use of AI in the manufacturing sector has been widely noted, there is little understanding on the risks that it may raise in a manufacturing organisation. Although various high level frameworks and definitions have been…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Alexandra Brintrup , George Baryannis , Ashutosh Tiwari , Svetan Ratchev , Giovanna Martinez-Arellano , Jatinder Singh

Building trust in AI-based systems is deemed critical for their adoption and appropriate use. Recent research has thus attempted to evaluate how various attributes of these systems affect user trust. However, limitations regarding the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-04-29 Michaela Benk , Suzanne Tolmeijer , Florian von Wangenheim , Andrea Ferrario

Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications critically depend on data. Poor quality data produces inaccurate and ineffective AI models that may lead to incorrect or unsafe use. Evaluation of data readiness is a crucial step in improving the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Kaveen Hiniduma , Suren Byna , Jean Luca Bez

Developing and certifying safe - or so-called trustworthy - AI has become an increasingly salient issue, especially in light of upcoming regulation such as the EU AI Act. In this context, the black-box nature of machine learning models…

The integration of AI into radiology introduces opportunities for improved clinical care provision and efficiency but it demands a meticulous approach to mitigate potential risks as with any other new technology. Beginning with rigorous…